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6 protocols using cytokeratin 14

1

Immunofluorescence Staining of Mouse Mammary Glands

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Paraffin embedded histological sections of mouse mammary glands were used for immunofluorescence staining. The slides were deparaffinised and hydrated by washing with xylene (twice), 100 % EtOH, 90 % EtOH, 70 % EtOH and water for 5 mins. Antigen retrieval was carried out by boiling the slides for 15–20 min in citrate buffer and allowed to cool at room temperature for 15 min. After incubation in water the slides were permeabilized with 0.5 % Triton X-100. After two PBS washes, sections were blocked with 10 % goat serum for 2 h. Then primary antibody was added to the slides and incubated overnight at 4 °C in a humidified chamber. Primary antibodies used were cytokeratin 18 (Abcam, at 1:300 dilution), and cytokeratin 14 (Covance, CA; 1:400), cleaved caspase -3 (Cell Signaling Technology, 1:200), Ki67 (Abcam, 1:200). The expression of each protein was detected using either FITC, PE or Cy3 conjugated secondary antibodies (at 1:300 dilution). DAPI (Sigma, USA) or Topro-3 (5 μM, Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) were used to stain the nculeus.
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2

Multiparametric Immune Profiling

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The following antibodies and reagents were used: TER119, CD3 (17A2), CD4 (GK1.5), CD8a (53–6.7), CD19 (6D5), CD31 (MEC13.3), CD45 (30-F11), Ly6C (HK1.4), Ly6G (RB6-8C5), CD11b (M1/70) (Biolegend), CD31, PCNA (Santa Cruz Technologies), Cytokeratin 14 (Covance), CD11b, CD31, Ki67 (Abcam), α-SMA, β-Tubulin, β-Actin (Sigma), Vimentin (Lifespan Biosciences), N-Cadherin, E-cadherin, p21, p53 (Cell Signaling), hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) (Novus Biologicals) and PIMO (Hypoxiprobes).
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3

DEK and Wnt Signaling Analysis

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Total protein was extracted with RIPA buffer and subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis prior to transfer to a PVDF membrane. Blots were probed with specific antibodies to DEK (BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA); Ron (C-20), Wnt10b [H70], and cyclin D1 [72-13G] (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX); alpha-tubulin (Sigma), Actin C4 (gift of James Lessard, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital); Axin 2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA), cytokeratin 14 (Covance, Princeton, NJ), and GSK3β, phospho-ERK1/2, total ERK1/2, and TCF1 (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA). Protein from primary mammary epithelial cells was collected from 18 week old nulliparous, non-tumor bearing Dek+/+ females by isolating the cells through collagenase digestion and differential centrifugation as described above immediately prior to the addition of lysis buffer. For secreted proteins, 3×106 cells were plated on 10cm dishes in complete media for 2 hours cells then washed in PBS and overlayed with media containing 1% FBS for 24 hours. Six milliliters of conditioned media was collected from each cell line and concentrated to 100 μl using Amicon Ultra-4 centrifugal filters with Ultracel-3 membrane (Millipore, Billerica, MA) then 2 μl was diluted into 18 μl of serum free media prior to western blotting. Western blots were analyzed by densitometry using Image J.70 (link)
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4

DEK and Wnt Signaling Analysis

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Total protein was extracted with RIPA buffer and subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis prior to transfer to a PVDF membrane. Blots were probed with specific antibodies to DEK (BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA); Ron (C-20), Wnt10b [H70], and cyclin D1 [72-13G] (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX); alpha-tubulin (Sigma), Actin C4 (gift of James Lessard, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital); Axin 2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA), cytokeratin 14 (Covance, Princeton, NJ), and GSK3β, phospho-ERK1/2, total ERK1/2, and TCF1 (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA). Protein from primary mammary epithelial cells was collected from 18 week old nulliparous, non-tumor bearing Dek+/+ females by isolating the cells through collagenase digestion and differential centrifugation as described above immediately prior to the addition of lysis buffer. For secreted proteins, 3×106 cells were plated on 10cm dishes in complete media for 2 hours cells then washed in PBS and overlayed with media containing 1% FBS for 24 hours. Six milliliters of conditioned media was collected from each cell line and concentrated to 100 μl using Amicon Ultra-4 centrifugal filters with Ultracel-3 membrane (Millipore, Billerica, MA) then 2 μl was diluted into 18 μl of serum free media prior to western blotting. Western blots were analyzed by densitometry using Image J.70 (link)
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5

Immunodetection of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation

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NaOH was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd (Tokyo, Japan).
The mouse monoclonal antibody to PCNA was from Novocastra Laboratories Ltd. (London, UK), and rabbit polyclonal antibodies to p63 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA), cytokeratin 13 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and cytokeratin 14 (Covance, San Diego, CA, USA) were used as primary antibodies.
The secondary antibodies, Alexa Flour 488 and 568 conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG, were from Invitrogen (San Diego, CA, USA).
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6

Kidney Tissue Immunostaining Protocol

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Immunostaining was performed using the following primary antibodies CD31 (Abcam), CD90 (eBioscience), PEA (BD Pharmingen), Cytokeratin 5 (Abcam), Cytokeratin 14 (Covance), CD45 (Biolegend), LTA (Covance), DBA (Covance), PNA (Covance), Aquaporin 3 (Abcam), MUC1 (Abcam). Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin (LTA) immunostains proximal tubules, Peanut agglutinin (PNA), and Calbindin, immunostain distal tubules, Aquaporin 2, Aquaporin 3 (AQP3), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), and Mucin 1 (MUC1) immunostain collecting ducts.
Briefly, slides were blocked for 30min in 10% BSA with 2% goat serum followed by incubation with primary antibody for 12–16 hours. For immunoassaying on sections from ActinCreER; R26VT2/GK3 mice, Alexa Fluor 647 conjugated antibody was used as secondary 1:1000 for 1 hour (Invitrogen), and was visualized in the far-red channel (Cy5). Fluorescent and bright-field images were taken with a Leica DM4000B microscope (Leica Microsystems) and RETIGA 2000R camera (QImaging Scientific Cameras).
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