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Formamidinium acetate

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Formamidinium acetate is a chemical compound used in laboratory settings. It serves as a key component in various experimental procedures and research applications. The compound's core function is to provide a stable and controlled environment for specific chemical reactions and analyses. No further interpretation or extrapolation on intended use is provided.

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Lab products found in correlation

Oleic acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions) 1 octadecene, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Hexane, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Oleylamine, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Cesium carbonate, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Methyl acetate, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Octane, by Merck Group (4 mentions) 4 tert butylpyridine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Ethyl acetate, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Toluene, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Chlorobenzene, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Bis trifluoromethane sulfonimide lithium salt li tfsi, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Lead 2 iodide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Hydroiodic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Lead nitrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Titanium ethoxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Anhydrous toluene, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Diethyl ether, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

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Formamidinium (2 citations)

9 protocols using formamidinium acetate

1

Perovskite Materials Synthesis and Characterization

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Formamidinium iodide (CH(NH2)2, FAI) was purchased from Dyesol. Lead (II) iodide (PbI2; 99.9985%) and bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (Li-TFSI) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamino)−9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD; ≥99.5%) was purchased from Lumtec. Cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3; 99.9%), oleylamine (OAm; technical grade, 70%), oleic acid (OA; technical grade, 90%), 1-octadecene (ODE; technical grade, 90%), octane (anhydrous, ≥99%), hexane (reagent grade, ≥95%), methyl acetate (MeOAc; anhydrous, 99.5%), lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2; 99.999%), ethyl acetate (EtOAc; anhydrous, 99.8%), formamidinium acetate (FA-acetate, 99%), titanium ethoxide (≥97%), hydrochloric acid (HCl; 37% in water), chlorobenzene (anhydrous, 99.8%), 4-tert-butylpyridine (4-TBP; 96%), toluene (anhydrous, 99.8%), dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and acetonitrile (anhydrous, 99.8%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received unless otherwise specified.
Zhao Q., Hazarika A., Chen X., Harvey S.P., Larson B.W., Teeter G.R., Liu J., Song T., Xiao C., Shaw L., Zhang M., Li G., Beard M.C, & Luther J.M. (2019). High efficiency perovskite quantum dot solar cells with charge separating heterostructure. Nature Communications, 10, 2842.
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2

Synthesis of Formamidinium Lead Iodide

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Formamidinium acetate (20.8 g, 0.20 mol, Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in ethanol (30 ml, Acros) at 0 °C, HI solution (57% in water, 40 ml, Sigma-Aldrich) was added dropwise into the solution. After 30 min, the solution was removed to room temperature and stirred for another 1 h. The solvent was removed by using a rotary evaporator at 60 °C; the solid was recrystallized by mixture solution of ethanol and diethyl ether (Sigma-Aldrich) three times. Then the formamidinium iodide was dried under vacuum for 2 h. FAI (2.75 g, 16 mmol) and PbI2 (7.37 g, 16 mmol) were dissolved in the anhydrous 2-methoxylethanol (20 ml, Sigma-Aldrich), then the solution was stirred at 140 °C for 2 h, anhydrous toluene (40 ml, Sigma-Aldrich) was added dropwise. The black FAPbI3 powder was filtered and dried under vacuum for 2 h, the black powder was stored in argon glovebox.
Suo J., Yang B., Mosconi E., Bogachuk D., Doherty T.A., Frohna K., Kubicki D.J., Fu F., Kim Y., Er-Raji O., Zhang T., Baldinelli L., Wagner L., Tiwari A.N., Gao F., Hinsch A., Stranks S.D., De Angelis F, & Hagfeldt A. (2024). Multifunctional sulfonium-based treatment for perovskite solar cells with less than 1% efficiency loss over 4,500-h operational stability tests. Nature Energy, 9(2), 172-183.
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3

Synthesis of Organic Perovskite Materials

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Formamidinium acetate (FA-acetate, 99%),
oleic acid (OA, technical grade 90%), oleylamine (OAm, technical grade
70%), 1-octadecene (ODE, technical grade 90%), hexane (reagent grade
≥95%), octane (anhydrous, ≥99%), methyl acetate (MeOAc,
anhydrous 99.5%), ethyl acetate (EtOAc, anhydrous 99.5%), R-methybenzylamine (98% purity), S-methybenzylamine
(98% purity), hydrobromic acid (ACS reagent, 48%), and ethyl acetate
(EtOAc, anhydrous, 99.8%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. (R)-2-Octylamine (98% purity) was purchased from Alfa Aesar.
Kim Y.H., Zhai Y., Gaulding E.A., Habisreutinger S.N., Moot T., Rosales B.A., Lu H., Hazarika A., Brunecky R., Wheeler L.M., Berry J.J., Beard M.C, & Luther J.M. (2020). Strategies to Achieve High Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Colloidal Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Nanocrystals. ACS Nano, 14(7), 8816-8825.
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4

Synthesis of Perovskite Precursors: FAI and MAI

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Formamidinium iodide (FAI, FA = HC(NH2)2+) or methylammonium iodide (MAI, MA = CH3NH3+) was synthesized by reacting 20 mL hydroiodic acid (57 wt% in water, Sigma Aldrich) with 10 g of formamidinium acetate (99%, Sigma Aldrich) or 18.2 mL of methylamine (40 wt% in methanol, TCI) in an ice bath. After stirring for 30 min, brown precipitate was formed, which was collected by evaporating the solvent at 60 °C using a rotary evaporator. The solid precipitate was washed with diethyl ether (99.0%, Samchun) several times, followed by recrystallization in anhydrous ethanol. The white precipitate was dried under vacuum for 24 h and then stored in a glove box filled with Ar.
Kim S.G., Kim J.H., Ramming P., Zhong Y., Schötz K., Kwon S.J., Huettner S., Panzer F, & Park N.G. (2021). How antisolvent miscibility affects perovskite film wrinkling and photovoltaic properties. Nature Communications, 12, 1554.
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5

Synthesis of Lead Perovskite Nanocrystals

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In a 25 ml three-necked flask, lead (II) acetate trihydrate (76 mg, 0.2 mmol, Sigma-Aldrich) and formamidinium acetate (78 mg, 0.75 mmol, Sigma) were suspended in octadecene (8 ml) and oleic acid (2 ml, Sigma-Aldrich), heated to 50°C and then dried under vacuum for 30 min. Then the reaction mixture was heated to 130°C and, at this point, the mixture of 266 mg (0.8 mmol) of OAmBr in anhydrous toluene (2 ml) was injected into the reaction flask (to dissolve OAmBr in toluene, a mixture of them should be preheated at 40–50°C). After another 1 min, the reaction mixture was cooled by an ice-water bath.
Papagiorgis P.G., Manoli A., Alexiou A., Karacosta P., Karagiorgis X., Papaparaskeva G., Bernasconi C., Bodnarchuk M.I., Kovalenko M.V., Krasia-Christoforou T, & Itskos G. (2019). Robust Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Polymer Fibers Sensitized by Inorganic and Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystal Emitters. Frontiers in Chemistry, 7, 87.
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6

Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication

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Cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3; 99.9%), oleic acid (OA; technical grade, 90%), 1-octadecene (1-ODE;
technical grade, 90%), oleylamine (OLA; technical grade, 70%), methyl
acetate (MeOAc; anhydrous, 99.5%), hexanes (reagent grade, ≥95%),
octane (anhydrous, ≥99%), formamidinium acetate (FA-acetate;
99%), toluene (anhydrous, 99.8%), titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate)
(TAA; 75 wt % in isopropanol), 1-butanol (anhydrous, 99.8%), acetone
(for HPLC, ≥99.9%), chlorobenzene (anhydrous, 99.8%), 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP; 98%), and acetonitrile
(anhydrous, 99.8%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide
lithium salt (Li-TFSI; 98+%) and lead iodide (PbI2, 99.9985%)
were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Isopropanol (IPA; ACS Plus) was purchased
from Fisher Chemical. Spiro-OMeTAD was purchased from Lumtec.
Wieliczka B.M., Márquez J.A., Bothwell A.M., Zhao Q., Moot T., VanSant K.T., Ferguson A.J., Unold T., Kuciauskas D, & Luther J.M. (2021). Probing the Origin of the Open Circuit Voltage in Perovskite Quantum Dot Photovoltaics. ACS Nano, 15(12), 19334-19344.
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7

Perovskite LED Fabrication Protocol

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Cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3, Aldrich, 99.9%), formamidinium acetate (Sigma-Aldrich,
99.9%), lead bromide (PbBr2, ABCR, 98%), lead iodide (PbI2, ABCR, 99.999%), 1-octadecene (90%), oleic acid (Sigma-Aldrich,
90%), and oleylamine (Acros, ≥ 96%) were used as the reagents.
Galden PFPE fluid was purchased from Blaser Swisslube AG. Patterned
indium tin oxide (ITO)-covered glass substrates were purchased from
Lumtech. The hole injection material PEDOT:PSS was purchased from
Heraeus (CLEVIOS VP AI 4083), while the hole transport material poly-TPD
was procured from Lumtech and the electron transport material TPBi
was supplied by e-Ray Optoelectronics. The electron injection material
LiF was purchased from Acros Organics, and Al pellets were purchased
from Kurt J. Lesker Co. Ltd. TOPAS polymer (cyclic olefin copolymer)
was received from TOPAS Advanced Polymers GmbH. All the materials
for LED production were used as received without any further purification.
Lignos I., Morad V., Shynkarenko Y., Bernasconi C., Maceiczyk R.M., Protesescu L., Bertolotti F., Kumar S., Ochsenbein S.T., Masciocchi N., Guagliardi A., Shih C.J., Bodnarchuk M.I., deMello A.J, & Kovalenko M.V. (2018). Exploration of Near-Infrared-Emissive Colloidal Multinary Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals Using an Automated Microfluidic Platform. ACS Nano, 12(6), 5504-5517.
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8

Synthesis of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites

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Formamidinium acetate (FA-acetate; 99%), cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3; 99.9%), PbBr2 (≥98%), oleic acid (OA; technical grade 90%), oleylamine (OAm; technical grade 70%), 1-octadecene (1-ODE; technical grade 90%), hexane (reagent grade ≥95%), octane (anhydrous, ≥99%), methyl acetate (MeOAc; anhydrous, 99.5%), sodium borohydride (NaBH4, ≥98%), cesium toluene (anhydrous, 99.8%), and ethanol (EtOH, 200 proof, ≥99.5%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Lead (II) iodide (PbI2, 99.9985%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar.
Hao J., Kim Y.H., Habisreutinger S.N., Harvey S.P., Miller E.M., Foradori S.M., Arnold M.S., Song Z., Yan Y., Luther J.M, & Blackburn J.L. (2021). Low-energy room-temperature optical switching in mixed-dimensionality nanoscale perovskite heterojunctions. Science Advances, 7(18), eabf1959.
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9

Halide Perovskite Precursor Synthesis

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Starting Materials PbO (99.9%), methylammonium chloride (98%), formamidinium acetate (99%), dimethylammonium chloride (99%), guanidinium chloride (99%) , hydroiodic acid (57 wt % in H 2 O, distilled, stabilized, 99.95%), and hypophosphorous acid solution (50 wt % in H 2 O)
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received.
Li X., Fu Y., Pedesseau L., Guo P., Cuthriell S., Hadar I., Even J., Katan C., Stoumpos C.C., Schaller R.D., Harel E, & Kanatzidis M.G. (2020). Negative Pressure Engineering with Large Cage Cations in 2D Halide Perovskites Causes Lattice Softening. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 142(26).
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