Adiposity was assessed as body weight, BMI (body weight in kilograms (kg) divided by body height in meters squared (m)2), waist circumference measured in centimetres (cm) at the umbilical level with a measuring tape, and body fat and lean mass percentage measured by dual-energy X-ray (Lunar GE Prodigy Advance, GE Medical Systems, USA). Weight satisfaction (“Are you satisfied with your current weight?”), ideal weight (“What is your ideal weight?”) was assessed via questionnaire.
Ge lunar prodigy advance
Manufactured by GE Healthcare
Sourced in United States
The GE Lunar Prodigy Advance is a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) system designed for bone densitometry measurements. It is capable of measuring bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition parameters.
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22 protocols using ge lunar prodigy advance
1
Assessing Adiposity and Weight Satisfaction
2
Anthropometric Measures of Adiposity
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Adiposity was defined by anthropometric measures: BMI (body weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m2)), waist circumference (measured at the umbilical level in centimetres by a measurement tape), and body composition (body fat and lean mass) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) (Lunar GE Prodigy Advance, GE Medical Systems).
3
Comprehensive Body Composition Assessment
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Weight and height were measured with light clothing and no shoes to the nearest 0.1 kilograms (kg) and 0.1 centimeters (cm) using the Jenix DS-102 height and weight scale (Dong Sahn Jenix, Seoul, Korea). Waist and hip circumference were measured to the nearest 0.1 cm with a Seca measurement tape at the level of the umbilicus and the greater trochanters, respectively. BMI (weight in kg divided by height in meters (m) squared) was defined as normal (<25 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2), or obese (≥30 kg/m2). The 31 women and 2 men with underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) were merged with the normal weight category.
Whole-body DXA scans (Lunar GE Prodigy Advance, GE Medical Systems) were performed according to the manufacturer guidelines, by trained technicians who inspected the postscan images and made relevant quality corrections to the regions of interest according to a standardized protocol. The DXA device was calibrated each morning with a phantom ahead of measurements. Total body fat in grams and percentage and android fat mass in grams were measured directly by DXA, and VATg and VATcm3 were subsequently computed by the validated CoreScan software (EnCore version 17.0). VAT% was calculated as 100 ∗ VATg divided by android fat mass (g), and subcutaneous fat mass was calculated as android fat mass (g) − VATg. VATindex was calculated as VAT kg/height (m)2.
Whole-body DXA scans (Lunar GE Prodigy Advance, GE Medical Systems) were performed according to the manufacturer guidelines, by trained technicians who inspected the postscan images and made relevant quality corrections to the regions of interest according to a standardized protocol. The DXA device was calibrated each morning with a phantom ahead of measurements. Total body fat in grams and percentage and android fat mass in grams were measured directly by DXA, and VATg and VATcm3 were subsequently computed by the validated CoreScan software (EnCore version 17.0). VAT% was calculated as 100 ∗ VATg divided by android fat mass (g), and subcutaneous fat mass was calculated as android fat mass (g) − VATg. VATindex was calculated as VAT kg/height (m)2.
4
HIV+ Individuals' VO2max Prediction
5
Femoral Neck and Lumbar Spine Bone Density
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The main outcome of this research was BMD, obtained by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) (GE Lunar Prodigy Advance®), duly calibrated and using the GE Encore® software, version 14.10, configured to use the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (18 ) from the femoral neck and lumbar spine (L3 and L4 positions). All densitometry tests were performed by a trained radiology technician and the result reported by a single specialist physician to avoid interobserver variation. Data were extracted from medical records and those from exams performed up to 6 months after evaluation in the study were included. The women were classified into three groups as proposed by the World Health Organization (19 ): (1 (link)) Normal BMD (T-score ≥ −1.0 SD), (2 (link)) Osteopenia (T-score between −1.0 and −2.5 SD), and (3 (link)) Osteoporosis (T-score ≤ −2.5 SD).
6
Obesity Intervention: Comprehensive Metabolic Outcomes
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The primary outcome was 36‐week % change in BMI. At all study visits, body weight was assessed in light clothing using a calibrated scale. Height was assessed using a stadiometer. BMI was calculated as kg/m2 and BMI % changes were calculated. Secondary outcomes included 36‐week change in BMI, BMI Z‐score, waist circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio and waist‐to‐height ratio. Waist and hip circumference were measured according to guidelines (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm ). Additional measures of adiposity including total fat and lean body mass were obtained via dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) at 0 and 36 weeks, adjusted for height, age and sex as covariates (GE Lunar Prodigy Advance; GE Lunar iDXA; and GE Hologic Discovery and Horizon). There were too few non‐white patients to adjust for race as a covariate.
The following metabolic outcomes were assessed after a 10‐12‐hour overnight fast: glucose, insulin, lipid panel, high sensitive C‐reactive protein and HbA1c. Samples were tested at a central laboratory (Northwest Lipid Research Laboratories, Seattle, WA, USA). Glucose tolerance was determined at 0, 18 and 36 weeks by a 2‐hour oral glucose tolerance test (75 g) with sample collection at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes for measurement of glucose and insulin.
The following metabolic outcomes were assessed after a 10‐12‐hour overnight fast: glucose, insulin, lipid panel, high sensitive C‐reactive protein and HbA1c. Samples were tested at a central laboratory (Northwest Lipid Research Laboratories, Seattle, WA, USA). Glucose tolerance was determined at 0, 18 and 36 weeks by a 2‐hour oral glucose tolerance test (75 g) with sample collection at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes for measurement of glucose and insulin.
7
Measurement of Bone Mineral Density
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BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA; GE Lunar Prodigy Advance, Madison, WI, USA; software enCORE version 8.8) using an automatic scan mode. BMD was measured in the complete skeleton. The BMD values were expressed in grams per square centimeter. BMD spine analysis was performed in the lumbar segments 1–4 (L1–L4), and BMD hip analysis involved the whole femoral bone neck.
8
Bone Density Assessment in Participants
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The main outcome of this study was the presence of osteopenia and osteoporosis assessed from BMD, obtained using DXA (GE Lunar Prodigy Advance®, GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA), duly calibrated, and using the GE Encore® software, version 14.10, configured to use the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [21 ]. The BMD of the femoral neck and lumbar spine (L3 and L4 positions) was evaluated. All densitometry tests were performed by a trained radiology technician and the result reported by a single specialist physician to avoid interobserver variation. Data were extracted from medical records, and the results of exams performed up to six months before or after the study were included. Participants were classified into three groups: (1) Normal BMD (T-score ≥ −1.0 SD), (2) Osteopenia (T-score between −1.0 and −2.5 SD), and (3) Osteoporosis (T-score ≤ −2.5 SD) [22 ].
9
Body Fat Percentage Measurement by DEXA
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A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan (Discovery W, Hologic, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA – GE Lunar Prodigy Advance GE Healthcare, Horton Norway) was performed to measure body fat percentage.
10
Measuring Pig Body Composition
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Pigs were weighed on arrival and three times during the adaptation period to calibrate the empirical component of model t before the experimental period. Animal performance was evaluated as the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADG), feed-to-gain ratio (G:F), SID Lys intake, SID Thr intake, Lys and Thr efficiency of utilization for PD, PD, the proportion of protein in ADG (PD/ADG, %), and lipid deposition (g/d). Total body fat and lean content were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry on days 0 and 21 with a densitometer device (GE Lunar Prodigy Advance, Madison, WI, USA). Pigs were scanned in the prone position using the total body scanning mode (Lunar enCORE Software version 8.10.027; Lunar Prodigy Advance, Madison, WI, USA). During the scans, anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane (7%) and maintained with isoflurane (5%).
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