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10 protocols using fsc 22 frozen section compound

1

Histological Analysis of Tissue Samples

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Liver, jejunum and adipose tissues were embedded in FSC 22 frozen section compound (Leica Biosystems, Richmond, IL, USA), then frozen and sectioned at 5 mm using a Leica CM1860 Cryostat (Leica Microsystems, Nussloch, Germany). Sections were then stained with oil red O solution or hematoxylin and eosin (Cayman chemical, USA), after which they were mounted on silicone-coated slides (Leica, USA) and examined using an Olympus BX61 microscope (Tokyo, Japan) and photographed using an Olympus DP70 digital camera (Tokyo, Japan).
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2

Histological Analysis of Liver and Aorta

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After 8 weeks of treatments, the liver tissues and aorta were collected, fixed in 10% neutral buffered (formaldehyde), and sliced (5 μm thick) and trimmed transversely into serial sections using a cryo-microtome (Leica Biosystems, Richmond, VA, USA). Sections were later deparaffinized in xylene, rehydrated through an ascending ethanol series, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E). Oil Red-O staining was used to analyze fat deposition in liver tissues. The liver tissues were embedded in FSC 22 frozen section compound (Leica Biosystems, Richmond, VA, USA) and sectioned (5 μm thickness) using a cryostat (Tissue-Tek® Cryo3® Flex Microtome/Cryostat, Sakura, Leiden, The Netherlands). The sections were stained with Oil Red-O staining, and mounting was performed with xylene-based media. The slides were observed under an Olympus BX 61 microscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) at 200× magnification and images were acquired using an Olympus DP70 digital camera (Olympus).
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3

Proteomic Analysis of ROCK2 Signaling

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Acetonitrile (ACN), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and general chemicals were from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) or Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Fasudil was from Selleckchem (Houston, TX). Antibodies were phosphorylated (P) P-ROCK2 (T249, #ab83514, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), Ki67 (#550609), unphosphorylated/general (G) G-ROCK2 (#610624) (both from BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany), RHOA (STA-403-A-CB, Biocat, Heidelberg, Germany), P-MLC2 (#3671), P-ERK1/2(p44/p42) (#4370), G-ERK1/2(p44/p42) (#9102), P-P38 (#4511), G-P38 (#9218) (all from Cell Signaling), HSP90 (sc-7947, Santa Cruz Biot., CA). MALDI peptide calibration standard II (#222570), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB, #209813) and indium tin oxide (ITO) slides were from Bruker Daltonik (Bremen, Germany), Isopentane (GPR RECTAPUR) from VWR (Darmstadt, Germany), FSC22 Frozen Section Compound from Leica Biosystems (Wetzlar, Germany) and Tissue-Tek Cryomolds from Sakura Finetek (Heppenheim, Germany). [18F]-FDG was purchased from ZAG Zyklotron AG (Karlsruhe, Germany).
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4

Histochemical Analysis of Skin Models

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For histochemical analysis, the skin models were submerged in 22 × 22 mm Peel-A-Way disposable plastic tissue embedding molds (Science Services, Munich, Germany) containing FSC 22 frozen section compound (Leica Biosystems, Wetzlar, Germany) and flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen. Models were stored at least one night at −80°C before further processing. Samples were then cut into 7-μm sections using a Cryostat CM1850 (Leica Biosystems, Wetzlar, Germany) at −20°C against the direction of application (from dermis to epidermis) and put onto glass slides for subsequent histological staining. At least 30 sections were prepared from each skin model and analyzed for each histochemical staining.
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5

Frozen Liver Tissue Staining Protocol

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Frozen liver tissues embedded in FSC 22 frozen section compound (Leica, USA) were sectioned at 8 mm, mounted on silicone coated slides (Leica, USA), and then stained with oil red O solution (Cayman chemical, USA) for 10 min at 60°C and Mayer’s hematoxylin solution for 1 min. All of the slides were observed under an Olympus BX61 microscope (Tokyo, Japan) and photographed using an Olympus DP70 digital camera (Tokyo, Japan).
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6

Brain Tissue Preparation for ISH and IHC

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Mice were deeply anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and then perfused transcardially with 4% (w/v) paraformaldehyde (PFA) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The brains were removed and post-fixed in the same fixative and stored at 4 °C overnight, followed by cryoprotection of 30% (w/v) sucrose in PBS for 2 days, embedded in FSC22 Frozen Section Compound (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) and stored at – 80 °C until cryosectioning. Brains were cryosectioned coronally at a thickness of 40 µm. Every third section from the serial sections was processed for ISH combined with IHC.
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7

Immunofluorescence Staining of Intestinal Tissue

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For Fig. 1E, small intestines were embedded in FSC22 frozen section compound (Leica Microsystems). Five μm cryosections were labelled with rat anti-human Ep-CAM (G8.8; BioLegend) Ab and biotinylated armenian hamster anti-TCRβ (H57-597; BioLegend) Ab, and then labelling was visualised with streptavidin-Alexa Fluor 594 (Invitrogen) and Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated anti-rat IgG (H+L) Ab (Invitrogen). For Fig. 6B, small intestines from Xcr1+/venus mice were first fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and then embedded in FSC22 frozen section compound. Five μm cryosections were labelled with rat anti-mouse CD4 Ab (BioLegend) and labelling visualised with goat anti-Rat IgG Ab conjugated-Alexa Fluor 594 (Invitrogen). Sections were examined using the FV10i microscope (Olympus).
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8

Histological Analysis of Skin Samples

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Cross-sections of the full-thickness skin specimens were collected on the last day of the experiment. Skin samples were fixed for 24 h in 10% (v/v) formaldehyde and embedded in FSC 22 Frozen Section Compound (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany). Vertical sections of 5 μm thickness were fixed onto glass slides and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and the Masson’s trichrome stain to observe morphology and collagen formation, respectively. The slides were examined by light microscopy (Olympus BX53; Olympus Corp., Tokyo, Japan), and the images were digitally captured at a 1360 × 1024 pixel resolution with an Olympus DP70 digital camera (Olympus Corp., Tokyo, Japan).
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9

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Lymphoid Tissues

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Thymus and spleen were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in OCT compound (Sakura Finetek) or FSC22 frozen section compound (Leica Microsystems), and 5 μm cryosections were prepared. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (Muto Pure Chemicals). To detect B and T cells, sections were stained with biotinylated Abs against B220 (RA3-6B2, eBioscience 13-0452-85, 1 ug mL−1) or Thy1.2 (30-H12, BD Bioscience 553011, 1 ug mL−1) after blockade of endogenous peroxidase with 3% H2O2/methanol. Biotinylated Abs were developed with VECTASTAIN ABC Standard kit and ImmPACT DAB (Vector Laboratories). Hematoxylin was used as counterstain.
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10

Quantifying Superoxide Anion in Rat Eyes

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The eyes were dissected from the rats 24 h after LPS injection and frozen fresh in FSC22 frozen section compound (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany) with liquid nitrogen. Dihydroethidium (DHE, Sigma), an oxidative fluorescent dye, was used for immunohistochemical detection of cytosolic superoxide anion (O2). ROS production was determined by conversion of DHE to ethidium bromide. Square areas of ICB microphotographs (1.44 megapixels in size) were selected, and mean gray values of the DHE signal were evaluated with ImageJ software, as we reported recently [21 (link)]. Two whole ICB areas were evaluated in each eye and then four eyes were examined in each group.
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