Tellurium powder

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Tellurium powder is a chemical element with the symbol Te and atomic number 52. It is a rare, silvery-white, brittle metalloid that has a crystalline structure. Tellurium powder is used in various industrial and scientific applications due to its unique physical and chemical properties.

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27 protocols using tellurium powder

Tellurium-Based Nanoparticle Synthesis for COVID-19 Detection

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Tellurium powder (Te), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium borohydride (NaBH₄), cadmium chloride (CdCl₂), thioglycolic acid (TGA), glutathione (GSH), zinc chloride, sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl₂), and tris hydrochloride (Tris-HCl) were purchased from Merck, Sigma Aldrich or Carloerba Reagents companies. All DNA probes were prepared from Metabion, Germany, with the following sequences:
Capture DNA (thiolated DNA): 5′-Thiol -C6-GTACTGTAGGC-3′ (11-mer)
Quencher DNA (BHQ₂- DNA): 5′-CGGCACTTGTG-BHQ₂-3′ (11-mer)
Complementary DNA (target DNA): 5′-CACAAGTGCCGGCCTACAGTAC-3′ (22-mer: This arrangement is planned based on a specific sequence of the Covid-19 virus genome) [19] , [20] (link)
Non-complementary DNA (non-target DNA): 5′-GTGACATGACATCCGTTCGTGA −3′ (22-mer)
The RNase-free water and RNA of Covide-19 viruses were provided by National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Iran. Double distilled water was used throughout the analysis.

Bardajee G.R., Zamani M., Mahmoodian H., Elmizadeh H., Yari H., Jouyandeh L., Shirkavand R, & Sharifi M. (2021). Capability of novel fluorescence DNA-conjugated CdTe/ZnS quantum dots nanoprobe for COVID-19 sensing. Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 269, 120702.

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Biomolecular Synthesis and Characterization

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Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS) and penicillin/streptomycin were bought from Gibco (USA). Synthesis and purification of oligonucleotides was carried out by Pishgam Biotech Co (Tehran, Iran). The sequences are listed in Table S1. Purification of all DNA samples was done by PAGE and they were solvated in TE buffer (1 M Tris-HCl, 0.5 M EDTA). Thioglycolic acid (TGA), Cd(NO₃)₂, tellurium powder, and sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) were acquired from Merck. Cell Culture Lysis Reagent (CCLR), 5X was bought from Sigma Aldrich. Other commercially available substances were purchased from Aldrich, Merck and Acros and used with no additional purification. Analytical reagent grade of all other reagents and ultrapure water (Milli-Q plus, Millipore Inc., Bedford, MA) was utilized through experiments.
The MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) and HEK 293 (from normal human embryonic kidney cell line) cell lines were used in the present study.

Borghei Y.S, & Hosseini M. (2019). A New Eye Dual-readout Method for MiRNA Detection based on Dissolution of Gold nanoparticles via LSPR by CdTe QDs Photoinduction. Scientific Reports, 9, 5453.

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Synthesis and Functionalization of Cadmium Telluride Quantum Dots

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NaBH₄ (Merck, 99%), tellurium powder (Merck, 99%), CdCl₂, thiourea, CdSO₄, thioglycolic acid (TGA) (Merck, 98%), Na₂S₂O₃ (Merck, 99%) were obtained from Merck Inc (Darmstadt, Germany, http://www.merck.de). Acetic acid, sodium acetate trihydrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium hydroxide were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA, https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/). 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (sulfo-NHS) were also obtained from Sigma Aldrich.
The NMP22 antibody (anti-NMP22) and NMP22 were purchased from DNA biotech Co. (Tehran, Iran, http://dnabiotech.ir/). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was acquired from TAKARA Bio Inc. (http://www.takara-bio.com/). Ultrapure water was used in all syntheses. All reagents were of scientific reagent grade, and used as received without further purification. All experiments on the human samples were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the ethics committee at the University of Tehran. Informed consents were obtained from human participants of this study.

Othman H.O., Salehnia F., Fakhri N., Hassan R., Hosseini M., Faizullah A., Ganjali M.R, & Kazem Aghamir S.M. (2020). A highly sensitive fluorescent immunosensor for sensitive detection of nuclear matrix protein 22 as biomarker for early stage diagnosis of bladder cancer. RSC Advances, 10(48), 28865-28871.

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Synthesis of Multifunctional Hydrogels

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Acrylamide (AM), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), maleic anhydride (MAH), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), chloroform (CHCl₃), acetone, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), ethylene glycol, N, N’-methylenebisAcrylamide (MBAA), ammonium persulfate (APS), N,N,N’,N’-tetramethylenediamine (TMEDA), cadmium chloride (CdCl₂-2.5H₂O), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), tellurium powder (Te) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. Carbamide, zinc citrate dehydrate, sodium citrate dihydrate were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China); Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (20 nm) were purchased from Aladdin-reagent (Shanghai, China). Deionized water was used in all of the experiments.

Liu C., Li Q., Wang H., Wang G, & Shen H. (2022). Quantum Dots-Loaded Self-Healing Gels for Versatile Fluorescent Assembly. Nanomaterials, 12(3), 452.

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Facile Synthesis of Cobalt-Tellurium Nanocomposite

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E. Merck provided Cobalt. Sigma Aldrich provided Tellurium powder. Fisher Scientific UK Limited (UK) provided Ethanol and Isopropyl alcohol. Thermo fisher scientific (USA) and AMWAY (India) provided Nafion and sodium hydroxide, respectively. All the chemicals were utilized without further purification. A Millipore-Q deionized (DI) water purification system provided the required water throughout the experiments.

Kumbhakar P., Sha M.S., Tiwary C.S., Muthalif A.G., Al-maadeed S, & Sadasivuni K.K. (2023). An efficient transition metal chalcogenide sensor for monitoring respiratory alkalosis. 3 Biotech, 13(3), 109.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfated Alginate

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Tellurium powder, thioglycolic acid (ThGA), mercaptoethanol (ME) and mercaptoethylamine (MEA) were all analytical grade from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). SA powder (Mw = 220 kDa and MWD = 1.5) was analysed with tri-detector analysis gel permeation chromatography (Malvern Viscotek TDA max); M/G = 1.05 was determined by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy analysis with a Nicolet 5700 spectrometer (Madison, WI, USA) FT-IR [21 (link)]. All other chemicals used in the experiment were from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Deionized water was used throughout the experiment.

Zhao Z., Geng C., Zhao X., Xue Z., Quan F, & Xia Y. (2019). Preparation of CdTe/Alginate Textile Fibres with Controllable Fluorescence Emission through a Wet-Spinning Process and Application in the Trace Detection of Hg2+ Ions. Nanomaterials, 9(4), 570.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials

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Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl₄.3 H₂O (99.5%)), thioglycolic acid (TGA, 99%), cadmium chloride (CdCl₂. 2H₂O), and tellurium powder (Te, 99.8%) were purchased from Sigma. Sodium borohydride (NaBH₄, 98%), silver nitrate (AgNO₃), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium citrate (99%), glutathione (GSH, 98%), glutathione disulfide (GSSG, 98%), cysteine (Cys, 97%), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 30%), and 5-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-phthalazinedione (Luminol, 95%) were purchased from Merck. Human blood plasma samples were obtained from the Tehran Blood Transfusion Service (Tehran, Iran). Milli-Q grade water (18.2 MΩ.cm at 25 °C) was used for the preparation of all aqueous solutions.

Shahrajabian M, & Hormozi-Nezhad M.R. (2016). Design a New Strategy Based on Nanoparticle-Enhanced Chemiluminescence Sensor Array for Biothiols Discrimination. Scientific Reports, 6, 32160.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Tellurium Nanoparticles

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Tellurium powder (99.99%), sodium borohydride and BSA were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Dextran (40 kDa) was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. Calcein-AM and propidium iodide (PI) were supplied by Beyotime Biotechnology (Beijing, China). All chemicals were used as received without further purification. Ultrapure water was obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system (18.2 MΩ resistivity, Millipore).

Wu Y., Guo T., Qiu Y., Lin Y., Yao Y., Lian W., Lin L., Song J, & Yang H. (2019). An inorganic prodrug, tellurium nanowires with enhanced ROS generation and GSH depletion for selective cancer therapy †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01070j. Chemical Science, 10(29), 7068-7075.

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Synthesis of Colloidal Nanocrystals

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Copper(i) chloride (CuCl, anhydrous, beads, ≥99.99% trace metals basis), indium(iii) acetate (In(Ac)₃, 99.99% trace metals basis), zinc acetate (Zn(Ac)₂, 99.99% trace metals basis), tellurium powder (Te, 200 mesh, 99.99%), 1-octadecene (ODE, technical grade, 90%), 1-dodecanethiol (DDT, ≥98%), oleylamine (OLA, technical grade, 70%) and tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF₆, 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The chemicals were used as such without further purification.

Kuriakose L., Simi N.J, & Ison V.V. (2020). CuZn2InTe4 quantum dots-a novel nanostructure employing a green synthesis route. RSC Advances, 10(32), 18560-18564.

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Synthesis of Halide Perovskite Materials

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Lead(II) iodide (PbI₂, 99.999%),
silver(I) chloride (AgCl, 99.999%), bismuth(III) chloride (BiCl₃, 99.998%), sodium(I) thiocyanate (NaSCN, 99.99%), zinc(II)
chloride (ZnCl₂, 99.999%), cadmium(II) chloride (CdCl₂, 99.99%), sulfur powder (S, 99.98%), selenium powder (Se,
99.99%), tellurium powder (Te, 99.997%), n-butylamine (BA, 99.5%),
ethanethiol (ET, >99%), and 1,2-ethylenediamine (EN, ≥99%)
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification.

Deshmukh S.D., Weideman K.G., Miskin C.K., Kisslinger K, & Agrawal R. (2021). Solution Phase Growth and Ion Exchange in Microassemblies of Lead Chalcogenide Nanoparticles. ACS Omega, 6(33), 21350-21358.

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