Dexamethasone (dex)

Manufactured by Abcam

Sourced in United States

Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid medication used in research applications. It functions as a potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant agent.

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Lab products found in correlation

β glycerol phosphate, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Hoestch 33342, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Lps from e coli 0111 b4, by InvivoGen (1 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Wild type female c57bl 6 mice, by Jackson ImmunoResearch (1 mentions) Alamarblue assay, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Dmem f12, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) 4 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole (dapi), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Tokyo Chemical Industry (1 mentions) Histamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Pomalidomide, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Lenalidomide, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Mg132, by Abcam (1 mentions) Cycloheximide (chx), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Hmscs, by Abcam (1 mentions) Msc growth supplement, by Lonza (1 mentions) Msc basal medium, by Lonza (1 mentions) Amphotericin b, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

10 protocols using dexamethasone (dex)

Immunofluorescence Staining Reagents for Neuroscience

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ZO–1, Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog number (33–9100), lot number (TL277395), clone number (zo1–1A12);
MyoVIIa, Proteus, catalog number (25–6790), lot number (110119), clone number (not available);
Neurofilament H, Sigma–Aldrich, catalog number (AB5539), lot number (3328929), clone number (not available);
Dexamethasone, Abcam, catalog number (ab35000), lot number (GR246267–19), clone number (not available);
Hoestch 33342, Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog number (H3570), lot number (1387197), clone number (not available).

Jeong S.H., Kim Y., Lyu A.R., Shin S.A., Kim T.H., Huh Y.H., Je A.R., Gajibhiye A., Yu Y., Jin Y., Park M.J, & Park Y.H. (2021). Junctional Modulation of Round Window Membrane Enhances Dexamethasone Uptake into the Inner Ear and Recovery after NIHL. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(18), 10061.

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Modulation of Macrophage Inflammation

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LPS from E. coli 0111:B4 (500 ng per 1 × 10⁶ MDM; Invivogen, USA) was diluted in culture medium and used to treat MDM for 24 h to stimulate an inflammatory response. Where indicated, MDM were pretreated for 4 h with 1 μg/mL dexamethasone (Abcam, USA) diluted in culture medium before LPS stimulation to inhibit the inflammatory response. MDM or MDM-OME incubated with medium alone were used as unstimulated controls.

Ollington B., Colley H.E, & Murdoch C. (2021). Immunoresponsive Tissue-Engineered Oral Mucosal Equivalents Containing Macrophages. Tissue Engineering. Part C, Methods, 27(8), 462-471.

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Psoriasis-Induced Skin Inflammation Model

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Female mice BALB/c (8 weeks) were obtained from the National Laboratory Animal Center (Taipei, Taiwan). The following animal protocol has been approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Taichung Veterans General Hospital (La-1111908; La-1121951). The BALB/c mice were housed on well-ventilated racks in a temperature- and humidity-controlled room under a regular light/dark cycle (light:dark = 12 h:12 h), and all had free access to rodent chow and tap water. Mice were randomly divided into five groups of six mice each. The groups included a wild type control, vehicle control (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA), dexamethasone (1 mg/kg/day), D3T (Abcam, Fremont, CA, USA; 10 mg/kg/day), and D3T (Abcam, USA; 30 mg/kg/day). DMSO, dexamethasone, and D3T were administrated through intraperitoneal injection (i.p.), while 62.5 mg IMQ topical cream (Aldara^®, Somerset, NJ, USA) was applied to the shaved dorsal areas and ears for a period of five consecutive days. Psoriasis severities, including redness, scaling, ear thickness, and body weight were all evaluated daily prior to IMQ application. Scores were interpreted as follows: 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe, and 4 = very severe. The thickness of each mice ear was measured using a digital thickness gauge.

Shih M.C., Li C.L., Liao E.C., Yen C.Y., Yen L.J., Wang K.C., Lu L.Y., Chou T.Y., Chen Y.C, & Yu S.J. (2023). Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by 3H-1,2-Dithiole-3-Thione: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Psoriasis Treatment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(17), 13528.

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In Vivo and In Vitro Evaluation of ILC2 Responses to Corticosteroids in Murine Lung

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Studies of ILC2s in mice require sufficient amounts of tissue for FACS analysis, as ILC2s have no unique cell surface markers for immunohistochemistry studies. As there are currently no reported mouse models of nasal polyposis in which sufficient numbers of ILC2s for functional studies are available, we used mouse lung rather than the small amount of mucous membrane in mouse sinuses to investigate the ILC2 responses to corticosteroids in vivo and in vitro. Female wild-type C57BL/6 mice 6–10 weeks of age (Jackson Laboratories) were intranasal challenged with 25μg Alternaria alternata (Greer, NC) on days 0, 3, and 6, and given oral gavage of either dexamethasone (Abcam) at 3 mg/kg or PBS on days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. On day 10, mice were euthanized and bronchoalveolar lavage and lungs were collected. All studies were approved by the University of California San Diego Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

Walford H.H., Lund S.J., Baum R.E., White A.A., Bergeron C.M., Husseman J., Bethel K.J., Scott D.R., Khorram N., Miller M., Broide D.H, & Doherty T.A. (2014). Increased ILC2s in the eosinophilic nasal polyp endotype are associated with corticosteroid responsiveness. Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.), 155(1), 126-135.

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Biocompatibility of Silk Lyogel Scaffolds

Cited 3 times

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We have previous data showing that seeded stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells are sufficient to induce host cell remodeling of a TEVG into native-like tissue, so these specific cells were used for the biocompatibility testing [16 (link)]. Human SVF was isolated using previously published methods [28 (link), 34 (link), 50 (link)]. Cells were cultured in T75 flasks in an equal mixture of Dulbecco’s modified Eagle's medium (DMEM, #11965, Gibco) and DMEM/F12 (#113300, Gibco) supplemented with 10% FBS (Premium Select, Atlanta Biologics), 1% penicillin/streptomycin (5000U/mL, Gibco), 0.1% fungizone (amphotericin B, Gibco), and 10μL/L dexamethasone (Abcam). Cells were cultured to 80% confluency before harvesting for use. Silk lyogel (LG core and LGMP− core) circular discs (thickness 2 mm, diameter 8 mm, n=4) were seeded with 10⁵ SVF and metabolic activity was quantified using AlamarBlue assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Samples were analyzed at day 1, 4, 10 and 15 following manufacturer instructions and percent dye reduction was normalized to day 1 values. In addition, cell attachment on silk lyogel discs was validated by staining the cell nucleus with DAPI (Sigma Aldrich) followed by fluorescent microscopic imaging using a Nikon 90i.

Lorentz K.L., Gupta P., Shehabeldin M.S., Cunnane E.M., Ramaswamy A.K., Verdelis K., Fedorchak M.V., Little S.R., Weinbaum J.S., Sfeir C.S., Mandal B.B, & Vorp D.A. (2021). CCL2 loaded microparticles promote acute patency in silk-based vascular grafts implanted in rat aortae. Acta biomaterialia, 135, 126-138.

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Small Molecule Compound Solubilization

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Lenalidomide, pomalidomide, thalidomide, cycloheximide, histamine (Merck & Co, Rahway, NJ), MG132 (Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom), and dexamethasone (Abcam) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 mM and stored at −20°C for up to 6 months.

Hatakeyama K., Kikushige Y., Ishihara D., Yamamoto S., Kawano G., Tochigi T., Miyamoto T., Sakoda T., Christoforou A., Kunisaki Y., Fukata M., Kato K., Ito T., Handa H, & Akashi K. (2024). Thrombospondin-1 is an endogenous substrate of cereblon responsible for immunomodulatory drug–induced thromboembolism. Blood Advances, 8(3), 785-796.

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Expansion and Osteogenic Differentiation of hMSCs

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hMSCs were purchased from Lonza (Walkersville, MD, USA), and all experiments were conducted using hMSCs between passages 3 and 5. To maintain undifferentiated state, hMSCs were routinely cultured in MSC basal medium (Lonza) containing 10% of MSC growth supplement (Lonza), 2% of l-glutamine, 0.1% of GA-1000, and 1% of antibiotic-antimycotic solution (10,000 units of penicillin, 10 mg of streptomycin, and 25 μg of amphotericin B per mL, Sigma-Aldrich) at 37 °C under 5% CO₂ in a humidified atmosphere. For osteogenic differentiation assay, hMSCs were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10^− 8 M dexamethasone (Abcam), 0.2 mM ascorbic acid (Sigma-Aldrich), and 10 mM β-glycerolphosphate (Sigma-Aldrich).

Kang M.S., Jeong S.J., Lee S.H., Kim B., Hong S.W., Lee J.H, & Han D.W. (2021). Reduced graphene oxide coating enhances osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on Ti surfaces. Biomaterials Research, 25, 4.

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Evaluation of MIRA-1 Compound

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MIRA-1 was obtained from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). For in vitro experiments, MIRA-1 was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to create a 100 mmol l⁻¹ stock solution and stored at −20 °C. Dexamethasone and doxorubicin were obtained from Biovision (Milpitas, CA, USA) and bortezomib was obtained from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA).

Saha M.N., Chen Y., Chen M.H., Chen G, & Chang H. (2014). Small molecule MIRA-1 induces in vitro and in vivo anti-myeloma activity and synergizes with current anti-myeloma agents. British Journal of Cancer, 110(9), 2224-2231.

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Alizarin Red S Staining for Bone Mineralization

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BMSCs were cultured in a 6-well plate and replaced with osteogenesis medium at 80% confluence. Fresh medium was changed every 3 d, and the cells were cultured for 14 d for staining. Osteogenesis medium based on MEM-alpha was supplemented with 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (Sigma-Aldrich), 10 nM dexamethasone (BioVision) and 10 mM β-glycerol phosphate (Sigma-Aldrich).[ 20 ] After 14 d of osteogenic differentiation, BMSCs were washed with DPBS, and the cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in the dark. The cells were stained with 2% alizarin red S (VWR Life Science, Ontario, Canada) for 10 min until an orange precipitate appeared. After removing the excess dye, the cells were observed and recorded under a microscope. To quantify the percentage of cell mineralization, 10% cetylpyridinium chloride solution (Sigma-Aldrich) was added to the cells stained with alizarin red S. When the alizarin red S stain was completely dissolved, the OD value of the suspension was assessed at 570 nm.

Huang C.P., Hsu K.C., Wu C.P, & Wu H.T. (2022). Osteogenic differentiation from mouse adipose-derived stem cells and bone marrow stem cells. The Chinese journal of physiology, 65(1).

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Adipogenic Differentiation of ADSCs

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After ADSCs reached 80% confluence, the medium was changed to adipogenesis medium. Adipogenesis medium based on MEM-alpha with an additional 50 μg/mL indomethacin (Sigma-Aldrich) and 100 nM dexamethasone (BioVision) was used to induce the differentiation of MSCs. [ 20 ] The fresh medium was changed every 3 d, and the cells were cultured for 7 d for cell staining and RNA extraction. After 7 d of induced adipogenic differentiation, ADSCs were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in the dark and stained with Oil red O (Sigma-Aldrich) for 20 min. Excess dye was removed, and the cell morphology was observed and recorded under a microscope.

Huang C.P., Hsu K.C., Wu C.P, & Wu H.T. (2022). Osteogenic differentiation from mouse adipose-derived stem cells and bone marrow stem cells. The Chinese journal of physiology, 65(1).

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