Jem 1400 microscope

Aβ samples (5 µL of a 100 µM concentration) were adsorbed to carbon-coated Formvar 400-mesh copper grids (Agar Scientific) for 1 min. The grids were washed and stained with 1 % (w/v) uranyl acetate. Samples were studied with a JEOL JEM-1400 microscope (JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) at 80 kV. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images are representative of three independently prepared Aβ solutions.

The morphology of phage PEV20 examined by transmission electron microscopy. Samples were prepared on carbon copper grids 200 mesh. Poly‐l‐lysine solution (0.1%) was drop casted on a carbon copper grid (200 mesh) for 1 min and then blotted with a filter paper. Then, the phage lysate was drop casted on top of the grid for 30 min with any excess sample blotted. The samples were negatively stained with 1% phosphotungstic acid (pH 7.4) for 20 s. Excess stain was blotted and the grids were left to air‐dry overnight. A JEOL‐JEM 1400 microscope (JEOL, Japan) was used to collect images at ×40 k magnification.

Liposome-encapsulated phage was examined by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) using a JEOL JEM-1400 microscope (JEOL, Japan). The samples were prepared as detailed in previous publications (Colom et al., 2015 (link); Cortés et al., 2018 (link)).
Cell monolayers incubated with bacteriophages for 48 h within the apical compartment of the Transwell were aspirated, washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS 1 X), and fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2) at 4°C for 2 h. The fixed cells were then washed four times with MiliQ-grade water and dehydrated with increasing concentrations of acetone. After the cells had been embedded in polymerized Epon 812 resin for 48 h, ultrathin sections (60–70 nm) were cut using an ultracut microtome (Leica Microsystems, RRID:SCR_008960) and counterstained first with uranyl acetate for 30 min and then with Reynolds solution lead citrate for 5 min. The cell monolayers were observed in a JEOL JEM-1400 microscope (JEOL, Japan).

For transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging, CPP pellets were washed in milli-Q water and transferred onto a Formvar-coated copper grid. After air-drying, high-resolution images were obtained using a JEOL JEM 1400 microscope (JEOL USA Inc., Peabody, Massachusetts, USA) with an accelerating voltage of 60 kV. Images were acquired using a Gatan Orius digital camera system (Gatan Inc., Pleasanton, California, USA). For energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis of CPP2, CPP pellets were washed in milli-Q water and airdried on copper tape for analysis. Micro-elemental analysis was performed in combination with a GeminiSEM Sigma 300 electron microscope (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany), using a Quantax 200 detector (Bruker, Massachusetts, USA). Measurements were obtained at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV. Elemental analysis of CPP1 were performed with an EDX arm on the JEOL JEM 1400 microscope. For X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, diffractograms were measured on a Panalytical Empyrean (Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK) in transmission mode with fine-focus sealed tube, focusing mirror and PIXcel3D detector, using CuKα radiation. The samples were measured in 0.5 mm soda glass capillaries with a wall thickness of 0.01 mm.

Fungi (hyphae and spores) from PDA cultures (7 d old) were used for TEM observations. After 2.5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde fixation at 4°C for 6 h and 1% (w/v) OsO₄ fixation at room temperature for 2 h (rinsing the specimen using pH 7.2 phosphate buffer five times for 7 min once after each fixation) and dehydration (50%, 70%, 85%, 95%, and 100% [v/v] acetone for 15 min, then 100% acetone [dried with CaCl₂] twice at 4°C for 20 min), samples were infiltrated at 4°C with a 2:1 (v/v) mixture of acetone/LR White resin for 2 h, a 1:2 (v/v) mixture of acetone/LR White resin for 2 h, and twice with 100% LR White resin for 12 h. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The samples prepared were observed on a JEOL JEM-1400 microscope (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan).

EV morphology was assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), using negative staining. Firstly, 10 µL of EV samples were mounted on Formvar/carbon film-coated mesh nickel grids (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA, USA) and left standing for 2 min. Subsequently, 10 µL of 1% uranyl acetate were added onto the grids and excess liquid was removed. Visualization was carried out on a JEOL JEM 1400 microscope (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) at 120 kV. Images were recorded using a digital camera Orious 1100W (Tokyo, Japan).