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45 protocols using potassium persulfate

1

Synthesis of Chitosan-Laponite Hydrogels

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Chitosan, which has, when measured by viscometry, a molecular weight of 2.4 × 105 g·mol−1 and an 85% degree of deacetylation, was supplied by Haidebei Marine Bioengineering Co. (Jinan, China), refined twice by dissolution in a 0.1 mol·L−1 HCl solution, filtered, precipitated with ethanol, and finally dried in vacuo at 50 °C for 48 h. Laponite XLG (Mg5.34Li0.66Si8O20(OH)4Na0.66) was provided by Rockwood (Wesel, Germany). Acrylamide (AM, 98%), acrylic acid (AA, 98%), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS, 98%), potassium persulfate (KPS, 99%) and N,N′-methylenebisAcrylamide (MBA, 98%) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Other chemicals were analytical reagents and used as received.
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2

Xinli No. 7 Fruit Phytochemical Analysis

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Xinli No. 7 (XL7) specimens were purchased from a supermarket in Weixian, Hebei Province when they reached the maturity of the respective commercial harvesting period and immediately stored at 4 °C after sampling for subsequent processing analysis. The fruits with diseases, mechanical damage, and immaturity were removed. Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, methanol, anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, zinc acetate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium nitrite, aluminium nitrate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide (analytically pure), sucrose, potassium ferricyanide, phenolphthalein, polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000, analytically pure), acetic acid–sodium acetate buffer solution (0.1 mol/L, pH = 5.5), Triton X–100, catechol, and potassium persulfate were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Folinol (1 mol/L), gallic acid, rutin, 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH), and 2,2′-diazo-di-3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) were bought from Soleibao Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
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3

Synthesis and Characterization of High-Performance Cement for Oil Well Applications

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AMPS with effective weight over 98%, N,N-dimethylacrylamide (NNDMA) with effective weight over 98%, acrylamide (AM) with effective weight over 98%, IA with effective weight over 99%, MA with effective weight over 99.5%, AA with effective weight over 98%, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with effective weight over 96%, ammonium persulfate (APS) with effective weight over 98%, sodium bisulfite (SOB) with effective weight over 99% and potassium persulfate with effective weight over 99.5% were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China). API class ‘G’ cement was obtained from Sichuan Jiahua Enterprise (Leshan, China), and the phase composition and physical properties of class ‘G’ cement are presented in table 1.

Phase composition and physical properties of class G oil well cement.

C3S (wt%)C2S (wt%)C3AC (wt%)C3AF (wt%)specific density (kg l−1)specific surface area (m2 kg−1)
53.730.462.88.03.17332
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4

Dyeing Cotton Fabric with Reactive Dyes

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Bleached
woven cotton fabric (120 g/m2) was supplied by the Hongli
Dyeing Corporation (Shandong, China). Dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride
(DMDAAC, 60% purity) was acquired from the Adamas Reagent Co., Ltd.
(Shanghai, China). Allyl glycidyl ether (AGE), potassium persulfate
(KPS), sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium sulfate anhydrous
were all of reagent grade purchased from the Sinopharm Chemical Regent
Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Five reactive dyes were used in this work,
in which the C.I. Reactive Blue 21 and C.I. Reactive Black 5 were
supplied by the Zhejiang Jinhua Group Co., Ltd. (Zhejiang, China),
and C.I. Reactive Blue 19, C.I. Reactive Red 195, and the C.I. Reactive
Yellow 176 were supplied by the Jiangsu Jinji Industrial Co., Ltd.
(Jiangsu, China). The molecular structures of the reactive dyes are
shown in Figure 8.
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5

Biologically Synthesized Selenium Nanoparticles

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Sodium SeO32–, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4), monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4), potassium persulfate (K2S2O8), sodium sulfite (Na2SO3), n-caprylic alcohol, acetic acid, and hydrochloric acid were obtained from Sinopharm (Shanghai, China). SeNPs were synthesized and purified using a recently described method (Shakibaie et al., 2010 (link)). In brief, the SeNPs were biologically reduced from SeO32– by microorganisms. The reduction product was washed and disrupted in liquid nitrogen. The suspension was then liquid–liquid extracted by n-caprylic alcohol. The purified SeNPs were collected from water phase. More details of synthesis purification and SEM observation were shown in Supplementary Text 1.
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6

Antioxidant Extraction and Characterization from Chrysanthemum and Rice

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Fine powder of C. morifolium cv. Fubaiju (Macheng city, Hubei Province, China), round glutinous rice (Wuchang Caiqiqiao Rice Co., Ltd.), sweet Jiuqu (Angel Yeast Co., Ltd.); 2,2‐Diphenyl−1‐picrylhydrazyl, 2,2′‐Azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, 2,4,6‐Tris (2‐pyridyl)‐s‐triazine (Macklin Biochemical Technology Co. Ltd.); sodium chloride, ethanol absolute (analytical grade), potassium persulfate, iron trichloride hexahydrate, sodium acetate trihydrate, glacial acetic acid, aluminum trichloride, potassium acetate, sodium carbonate (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.); rutin trihydrate from LGC Labor GmbH; methanol from ThermoFisher Co., Ltd.; folin‐phenol reagent from Solarbio Co., Ltd.
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7

Polyphenylene Sulfone Membrane Fabrication

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Polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) was obtained from Shandong Horan Special Plastic Co., Ltd. (Weihai, China) 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) were obtained from Shanghai Lingfeng Chemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30, Mw = 44,000–54,000), Flake graphite (3,500 mesh), Potassium persulfate (K2S2O8), sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 98%), Nitric acid (HNO3, 68%), Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and hydrogen peroxide were acquired from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) Titanium dioxide (TiO2, P25) was purchased from Degussa AG Co., Ltd. (Frankfurt, Germany) Phenazopyridine hydrochloride (PhP) was obtained from Adams Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) Characteristics of phenazopyridine hydrochloride were shown in Table 1. All reagents were applied without further purification.
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8

Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation of Gallic Acid

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Gallic acid (CAS:149-91-7) was purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. China. Folin phenol reagent (Catalog Number: 73104861), Sodium Carbonate (CAS:497-19-8), Potassium persulfate (CAS:7727-21-1), MEthanol (CAS: 67-56-1) and Ethanol (CAS:64-17-5) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (SCR), China. DPPH (CAS:1898-66-4) and Trolox (CAS:53188-07-1) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (USA). ABTS (CAS:30931-67-0) was purchased from TCI Europe N.V. (Belgium). All other chemical substances and solvents used were of analytical grade and stored in ideal conditions according to the manufacturer’s specifications.
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9

Synthesis of Graphene Oxide from Natural Flake Graphite

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Natural
flake graphite
with a uniform size of about 150 μm was purchased from Qingdao
Meizhen Co., Ltd. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4, 99.5%,
AR), sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 98%, AR), and barium
chloride (BaCl2, 99.5%, AR) were purchased from Sinopharm
Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Potassium persulfate (K2S2O8, 99.0%, AR), acetic acid (CH3COOH,
99.5%, AR), ethyl acetate (C4H8O2, 99.0%, AR), periodic acid (H5IO6, 99.0%,
AR), and hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution (H2O2, 30.0 wt %, AR) were purchased from Aladdin Chemical Reagents Co.,
Ltd. All chemicals were used as received without further purification.
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10

Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrrole-Styrene Copolymer

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Pyrrole (C4H5N, CP), styrene (C8H8, >99.5%), amino-1H-tetrazole (CH3N5, >99.0%), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, >99.0%), were purchased from Aladdin Chemistry Co., Ltd. Pyrrole and styrene monomer were distilled under reduced pressure before use. Pt/C (40%, JM) powders (HiSPEC 3000) were obtained from Alfa Aesar. Thiourea (CH4N2S, >99.0%), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3, >98.0%), potassium persulfate (K2S2O8, >99.0%), sodium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8, >98.0%), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemicals Co., Ltd. Potassium hydroxide (KOH, >95.0%), sulfuric acid (H2SO4, >98.0%), methanol (CH3OH, >99.5%), ethanol (C2H5OH, >99.0%) were provided by Xilong Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Distilled deionized water (>18.2 MΩ) was produced by reverse osmosis followed by ion-exchange and filtration (HBI, Shenzhen Honbo Water Treatment Equipment Co., Ltd., China). All chemicals and regents were used without further purification apart from pyrrole and styrene.
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