Accu chek performa blood glucose meter

Following a 12-h fast, blood samples were extracted from the rat tail peripheral capillary at baseline and at 180min after reperfusion to detect the levels of blood glucose, with the help of Accu-CHEK Performa blood glucose meter (Roche, Mannheim, Germany).

It is now recognized that SjLD1 is important in activating the insulin pathway in schistosomes and may help to regulate glucose uptake by these parasites from host blood. To test whether vaccination with rSjLD1 had any effect on host blood glucose levels in vivo, blood glucose concentrations were measured in rSjLD1-vaccinated mice and QuilA and ISA adjuvant controls using a Roche Accu-Chek Performa blood glucose meter and test Strips (Roche, North Ryde, NSW, Australia) two weeks after the 3rd vaccination, when mice were fasting, and then 2 h after being fed for signs of diabetes.

Animals were followed from 10 to 21 weeks of age. During this period glucose levels and body weight were measured weekly. Glucose was measured using the ACCU‐CHEK Performa blood glucose meter (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). Blood was obtained from the tail vein and samples were collected in order to analyse the serum creatinine at three time points: before cell therapies (15 weeks), when cell therapies were performed (20 weeks) and before mice were killed (21 weeks). Mice were placed in metabolic cages in order to collect 24 hours urine specimens before cell therapies (15 weeks), during cell therapies (18 weeks, 19 weeks and 20 weeks, respectively) and after macrophage cell therapies (21 weeks). Urine samples were collected in order to analyse the urinary albumin concentration. Urine creatinine and serum creatinine were determined following Jaffe's and GLDH reactions (Olympus Autoanalyzer AU400, Hamburg, Germany) in the Veterinary Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Urine albumin excretion was determined using a specific commercially available ELISA kit (Albumine Blue, la Hulpe, Belgium).

After 6 h fasting (8:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.), a bolus of glucose (2 g/kg body weight) was delivered into the stomach of conscious mice using a gavage probe. Glycaemia was measured prior glucose delivery (T0) and at 20, 40, 60, 90 and 120 min. Insulinemia was measured at 0, 20 and 60 min, except for the F1 mice at weaning, for whom only at fasting (T0) insulinemia was measured. The trapezoidal method was used to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) (auc function of the flux package in R) considering only values above the fasting level. Glycaemia from tail vein blood was measured in duplicate using an Accu-Chek Performa blood glucose meter (Roche diagnostics GmbH, Germany). Tail vein blood (30µL) was collected in microvette tubes (Rajouter la ville, Sarstedt, Nümbrecht, Germany), centrifuged for 10 min at 2000 g at 4 °C. Insulinemia was measured with Mouse Ultrasensitive Insulin ELISA (#80-INSMSU, Alpco, Salem, NH, USA), according to the manufacturer’s instruction. Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated as: fasting glycaemia (mol/L) × insulinemia (mol/L)/22.4.

OGTT was performed 14 weeks after the feeding regimen. Following 16 hours of fasting (from ZT22 to ZT14), mice were administered 2 g/kg glucose intraperitoneally. Blood samples were obtained from the tail vein at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after glucose injection. Blood glucose levels were further detected by an Accu-Chek Performa blood glucose meter (Roche, Basel, Switzerland).

Energy provision was based on estimated basal metabolic rate [30 ] and daily PAL [31 , 32 ] adjusted for the deficit required. The 70% energy restriction applied on Days 1, 4, 8 and 11 of 5:2 IER (Supplementary Table 1). The 3-day menu, included three meals/day, had identical food items (same proportions but with adjusted quantities to meet individual EER and the protocol), meal times and daily distribution of energy, between groups (Supplementary Table 2). Total energy from carbohydrate, fat and protein was 50%, 31% and 19%, respectively (Supplementary Information 2). Home deliveries or participant collection from the laboratory occurred weekly. Participants were free-living but instructed to follow the prescribed meal plan. Submission to the experimenter, in real time, of a photograph of each meal was required prior to eating; leftovers, or additional food eaten, were logged. Interstitial glucose was monitored by a Medtronic MiniMed iPro™2 (Northridge, CA, USA) CGM system (Days 8–13) with four calibration capillary finger-prick glucose measures per day (ACCU-CHEK^® Performa Blood Glucose Meter, Roche, Germany) and the pattern of glucose excursions was used to verify the meal times.

OGTT was followed as previously described [23 (link)]. Briefly, tree shrews were fasted overnight (14 hr) prior to the OGTT. Approximately 1 mL of 50% glucose (g/v) base on 3.5 mg/kg (glucose/body weight) was orally administered for the OGTT in all tree shrews. Blood samples were collected from the tail vein and plasma glucose levels were immediately measured at 0, 20, 40, 60, 120, and 180 min after glucose administration using automatic blood glucose test meter (Accu-Chek Performa Blood Glucose Meter, Roche).