Strains used in this study are listed as follows: C. albicans SC5314, C. albicans CASS1 and the HST3 mutant strain hst3▵/pTET-HST3. SK, NAM, doxycycline (doxy) and α-aminobutyric acid were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC (St. Louis, MO, US). During the experiments, 20 mg/ml doxy, 6.4 mg/ml SK as well as 200 mM α-aminobutyric acid in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 200 mg/ml NAM in ultra-pure distilled water were used as stocks. The required concentrations of these drugs were obtained by diluting with culture suspensions.
α aminobutyric acid
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
α-aminobutyric acid is a chemical compound used in research and laboratory settings. It is a non-proteinogenic amino acid that plays a role in various biological processes. The core function of α-aminobutyric acid is to serve as a chemical reagent and analytical standard for research applications.
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Lab products found in correlation
Amino acid standard, by Waters Corporation (2 mentions)
Accq fluor reagent kit, by Waters Corporation (2 mentions)
L tryptophan, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
γ aminobutyric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
L glutamic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Doxycycline doxy, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Direct q uv, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile and methanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Accq tag kit, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions)
Pierce amino acidstandard h, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions)
Lc ms grade acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
L methionine sulfone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cell free 13c 15n labeled amino acid mixture, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trans 4 hydroxy l proline, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Milli q water, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Direct q uv system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
9 protocols using α aminobutyric acid
1
Candida albicans Strains and Compounds
2
Amino Acid Quantification Protocol
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A system consisting of an AccQ Fluor reagent kit (Waters, En Yvelines Cedex, France, amino acid standards (Waters), internal standard α-aminobutyric acid (Sigma Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA), acetonitrile and methanol (Sigma Aldrich), and deionized water purified with Direct–QUV (Millipore, Molsheim, France) was used for all aqueous solutions.
3
Amino Acid Analysis in Plant and Food Matrices
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Analytical grade AccQ-Tag kit [containing acetonitrile, borate buffer, and 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) reagent] together with Pierce Amino Acid Standard H (2.5 mM amino acid and 1.25 mM cysteine) were obtained from Waters (Millford, MA, USA). LC–MS grade acetonitrile, formic acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, sodium metabisulfite, l -glutamic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), α-aminobutyric acid (AABA), trans-4-hydroxy-l -proline, l -cysteic acid monohydrate, l -methionine sulfone, l -tryptophan and Cell free 13C–15N-labeled amino acid mixture were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Hydrochloric acid was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Milli-Q water (Millipore, Billerica, MA) was used for preparation of all buffers and reagents.
The matrices used in this study were whole plant and pulp after extraction of red clover (Trifolium pretense), rye grass (Lolium perenne) and lucerne (Medicago sativa), whole plant Arabidopsis thaliana and Brachypodium distachyon, triticale seeds, spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea) and dried dog food pellets. A certified reference material, NIST-1849a infant formula reference material, commercially available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) was also included.
The matrices used in this study were whole plant and pulp after extraction of red clover (Trifolium pretense), rye grass (Lolium perenne) and lucerne (Medicago sativa), whole plant Arabidopsis thaliana and Brachypodium distachyon, triticale seeds, spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea) and dried dog food pellets. A certified reference material, NIST-1849a infant formula reference material, commercially available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) was also included.
4
Amino Acid Quantification Protocol
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AccQ Fluor Reagent Kit (Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA), amino acid standards (Waters), and internal standard α-aminobutyric acid, acetonitrile, and methanol (all Sigma Aldrich; Merck, Rahway, NJ, USA). Deionized water purified with the Direct–QUV system (Millipore, Molsheim, France) was used to produce all aqueous solutions.
5
Derivatization and HPLC Analysis of Biogenic Amines
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Bacterial cultures and their supernatants were prepared by diluting them 1:10 with water, incubating them on ice for 30 min and centrifuging at 16,000× g for 10 min. Samples were prepared for derivatization by adding 250 µL of 0.5 KH2PO4 buffer (pH = 11) and 10 µL of 1 M NaOH. Next, 500 µL of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (10 mg/mL, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was added and samples were incubated at 56 °C for 10 min. The reaction was stopped with the addition of 50 µL of 1 M HCl and samples were filtered into vials (0.45 µL PTFE syringe filters) [30 (link)].
Analysis was carried out using a mobile phase in isocratic mode, composed of 60% acetonitrile and 40% HPLC-grade water (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The flow rate was 1 mg/mL. Authentic standards for putrescine, cadaverine, and putrescine were used, and α-aminobutyric acid was used as an internal standard, all acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. Analyte identification and quantification was performed using the Chemstation software B.04.03 (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA).
Analysis was carried out using a mobile phase in isocratic mode, composed of 60% acetonitrile and 40% HPLC-grade water (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The flow rate was 1 mg/mL. Authentic standards for putrescine, cadaverine, and putrescine were used, and α-aminobutyric acid was used as an internal standard, all acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. Analyte identification and quantification was performed using the Chemstation software B.04.03 (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA).
6
Amino Acid Derivatization for Mass Spectrometry
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Amino acid standards, α-aminobutyric acid, n-butanol, and sodium pyruvate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), LC–MS-grade water, acetonitrile (ACN), and formic acid were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Houston, TX, USA), 2,2′-dipyridyl disulfide (DPDS) was obtained from MP Biomedicals (Santa Ana, CA, USA), dansyl chloride (DC) was purchased from Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ, USA), 2-hydrazinoquinoline (HQ) and triphenylphosphine (TPP) were obtained from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA), and p-chlorophenylalanine was purchased from Alexis Biochemicals (San Diego, CA, USA).
7
Antioxidant and ACE Inhibitory Potentials of Dioscorea cayennensis Tubers
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Dioscorea cayennensis tubers were collected from the experimental planting fields of the Federal University of Paraíba, Campus Areia (João Pessoa, PB). Porcine pepsin, porcine pancreatin, bile salts, 2,2 ′ -azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazilyl (DPPH), Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromanic-2-carboxylic acid), Abz-Gly-p-Phe(NO2)-Pro-OH, α-aminobutyric acid and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzime (from rabbit lung) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich® (St. Louis, MO, USA). [Glu1]-Fibrinopeptide and acetonitrile were purchased from Waters (Milford, MA, USA). All solvents and reagents were of analytical grade.
8
Extraction and Analysis of A. lecanora
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Fresh A. lecanora samples were obtained from Kedah and Langkawi Breeding Centers (Malaysia). Papain enzyme was purchased from Acros Organics (St. Louis, MO, USA). Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium acetate, iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate, phenyl isothiocyanate and glacial acetic acid were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). O-phthaldialdehyde (OPA), dithiothreitol (97%) and α-aminobutyric acid were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Buchs, Switzerland), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) was purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Deionized water was from a purified Milli-Q water system (EMD Millipore) from Billerica, MA, USA.
9
Amino Acid Standards Analysis Protocol
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Standards of AAs: l-aspartic acid (Asp), l-glutamic acid (Glu), l-arginine (Arg), l-histidine (His), l-lysine (Lys), glycine (Gly), l-alanine (Ala), l-isoleucine (Ile), l-leucine (Leu), l-methionine (Met), l-phenylalanine (Phe), l-proline (Pro), l-tryptophan (Trp) l-valine (Val), l-citrulline (Cit), l-hydroxyproline (Hyp), l-norvaline (Nva), l-ornithine (Orn), sarcosine (Sar), taurine (Tau), α-aminobutyric acid (AABA), β-alanine (β-Ala), β-aminobutyric acid (BABA), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), l-asparagine (Asn), l-cysteine (Cys), l-glutamine (Gln), l-serine (Ser), l-threonine (Thr), l-tyrosine (Tyr) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) in ACS purity. Other chemicals: o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC) reagents, borate buffer (0.4 N in water, pH 10.2), NaH 2 PO 4 and NaOH, were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH) and water were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany) in LC-MS grade.
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