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4 protocols using hexa ethylene glycol dithiol

1

Purification and Characterization of Glycol-Thiols

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All solvents (methanol, dichloromethane, and tetrahydrofuran) as well as ethyl vinyl ether (99%, Aldrich) were purified by distillation. Deionized water was obtained from a Millipore MilliQ system and additionally filtered through a 220 nm PTFE filter. Allyl glycidyl ether (99% Fluka) was distilled under reduced pressure. KOH (Merck), 1,2-propandiol (Aldrich), benzene (Merck), p-toluenesulfonic acid (Merck), and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (Aldrich) were used without purification. Hexa(ethylene glycol)dithiol (Sigma-Aldrich, > 97%, Mn = 314.46 g mol−1) (HEGDT), O-(2-mercaptoethyl)-O′-methyl-hexa(ethylene glycol) (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥ 95%, Mn = 356.48 g mol−1) (HEGMT) and poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether thiol (Sigma-Aldrich, Mn = 2000 g mol−1) (PEGMET) were used as received.
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2

Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition

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All chemicals were used as provided without further purification unless noted otherwise. Tetrahydrofuran, triethylamine, oxalyl chloride, propargyl amine, sodium ascorbate, neocuproine, hexa (ethylene glycol) dithiol, glycerol ethoxylate, PEG 600 diol and hexafluorobenzene were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Deuterobenzene, deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide and deuterochloroform were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (CIL). Copper(II) acetate was obtained from Acros Organics and 2,2-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) from TCI. TBTA was synthesized following a previously published procedure.43 Perfluorotripropylamine (FC 3283), methoxyperfluorobutane (HFE 7100), 2-(Trifluoromethyl)-3-ethoxydodecafluorohexane (HFE 7500) and Krytox FSH were obtained from Miller-Stephenson. Acetonitrile was obtained from EMD and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) from Alfa-Aesar. Thiourea was purchased from Chem-Impex International and ethanol, methanol, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid were obtained from Macron Fine Chemicals.
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3

Fluorinated Clickable Polymer Synthesis

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All chemicals were used as provided without further purification unless noted otherwise. Tetrahydrofuran, triethylamine, oxalyl chloride, propargyl amine, sodium ascorbate, neocuproine, hexa (ethylene glycol) dithiol, glycerol ethoxylate, PEG 600 diol and hexafluorobenzene were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Deuterobenzene, deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide and deuterochloroform were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (CIL). Copper(ii) acetate was obtained from Acros Organics and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) from TCI. TBTA was synthesized following a previously published procedure.43 Perfluorotripropylamine (FC 3283), methoxyperfluorobutane (HFE 7100), 2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-ethoxydodecafluorohexane (HFE 7500) and Krytox FSH were obtained from Miller-Stephenson. Acetonitrile (MeCN) was obtained from EMD and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) from Alfa-Aesar. Thiourea was purchased from Chem-Impex International and ethanol, methanol, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid were obtained from Macron Fine Chemicals.
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4

Enhanced Muscle Stem Cell Culture

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Four-arm PEG-4MAL macromer (molecular weight, 22,000 or 10,000; Laysan Bio) was dissolved in 1× phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 10 mM Hepes (pH 7.4). Cell adhesive peptides (GRGDSPC, GRDGSPC, CGGEGYGEGYIGSR, and CGGKAFDITYVRLKF; >95% purity; GenScript) were dissolved in 1× PBS containing 10 mM Hepes and added to PEG-4MAL solution to produce functionalized PEG-4MAL precursors. Freshly isolated MuSCs were then added to the solution containing functionalized PEG-4MAL precursors. To synthesize cell-encapsulated hydrogels, the solution containing functionalized PEG-4MAL precursors and cells was mixed with protease-degradable cross-linking peptide (GCRDVPMSMRGGDRCG; GenScript) or nondegradable hexa(ethylene glycol) dithiol (Sigma-Aldrich) dissolved in 1× PBS containing 10 mM Hepes and subsequently polymerized at 37°C/5% CO2 for 5 min before adding MuSC growth media (F10 containing 1% penicillin/streptomycin, 1% GlutaMAX, and 20% horse serum). Recombinant human FGF-2 (25 ng ml−1; PeproTech) was supplemented daily. To prime the MuSCs to differentiate, the growth medium was replaced with differentiation media (DMEM containing 1% penicillin/streptomycin, 1% GlutaMAX, and 2% horse serum) on days 5 and 6 of culture. Cells were cultured in the differentiation media for an additional 4 days.
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