To confirm phytosynthesis, the dark brown colloidal solution was analyzed using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy (Perkin-Elmer Ltd) between 200 and 800 nm.39 (link) After confirmation of phytosynthesis, the solution of PF@AgNPs was centrifuged for 20 min at 15,000 × g. The supernatant was removed and the pellet was redispersed in distilled water and centrifuged again for 20 min at 15,000 × g. This procedure was repeated for three times.40 (link) Finally, the pellet was collected and dried into a fine powder that was used for further analysis. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of PF@AgNPs was carried out at 4000–500 cm−1 using KBr pellets (Perkin-Elmer Ltd).41 (link) The x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of PF@AgNPs was recorded in the 2θ range of 10° to 90° using Bruker D8 Advance powder XRD (Bruker AXS GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany).42 (link) Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTA) were performed using a TGA-1 analyzer (Mettler Toledo, Switzerland).43 (link) The shapes and sizes of PF@AgNPs and the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of PF@AgNPs were determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).44 (link) The polydispersity index (PI) and zeta potential values were recorded using dynamic light scattering (DLS; Brookhaven Instruments).45 (link)
Uv vis spectroscopy
Manufactured by PerkinElmer
Sourced in United States
UV-Vis spectroscopy is an analytical technique that measures the absorption or transmission of ultraviolet (UV) and visible (Vis) light by a sample. It is used to identify and quantify the components of a substance based on their unique absorption or emission spectra.
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Lab products found in correlation
D8 advance powder xrd, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Tga 1 analyzer, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
Kbr pellets, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ft ir, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Nicolet 6700 fourier transform infrared ft ir spectrometer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Jsm 7610f field emission scanning electron microscope, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Mira3, by TESCAN (1 mentions)
D2 phaser x ray, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Xflash 6 30, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Coumarin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Lc 10advp, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Rf 10axl, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
12 protocols using uv vis spectroscopy
1
Characterization of PF@AgNPs via Multimodal Analysis
2
Quantifying Dendrimer-Compound Uptake
3
Tracking AgNP Optical Properties
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The AgNP optical properties were studied using UV-vis spectroscopy (Perkin Elmer Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) with a 950 λ scanning range from 100 to 1,100 nm. UV-vis spectra were recorded periodically until the light yellow color solution turned into a brown color (96 hours).
4
Characterization of Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles
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UV-Vis spectroscopy (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) was used to detect the absorption maxima λmax of the synthesized AgNPs, Fourier Transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) was used to record the IR spectrum, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Haoyuan, Zhejiang, China) instrument was used to detect the crystallinity of AgNPs. The dynamic light scattering (DLS, Brookhaven, NY, USA) was used to determine the NP size distributions, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and microscopic analyses were performed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, Tescan Orsay Holding, Brno, Czech Republic), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, Zeiss, Jena, Germany) was performed to detect the morphological features.
5
Comprehensive Plant Metabolite Analysis
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Total chlorophyll content in plants was determined by the protocol given by Arnon (1949) (link). Defense parameters of plants including proline, lipid peroxidation (LPX), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ascorbic acid, and total phenolics were measured following the protocols of Bates et al. (1973) (link); Heath and Packer (1968) , Sergiev et al. (1997) ; Mitusi and Ohata (1961) (link), and Mallick and Singh (1980) , respectively, with some modifications. Antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, GoPX, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were measured following the protocols of Beauchamp and Fridovich (1971) (link); Aebi (1974) , Hemeda and Klein (1990) (link) and Lavania et al. (2006) (link), respectively. All analyses were carried out on UV-vis spectroscopy (Perkin Elmer, MA, United States), keeping length of light path 1 cm.
6
Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles
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Silver nanoparticles (20 nm) were obtained as a powder from Zhengzhou Dongyao Nano Materials Company. Their size, shape, size, distribution, and aggregation were all examined using ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy (PerkinElmer, Norwalk, CT, USA), scanning electron microscopy (JSM-7610F-Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope-JEOL-Japan), and the Nicolet 6700 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Madison, WI, USA). Moreover, the existence and purity of the AgNPs were confirmed by compositional analysis of the elements using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).
7
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles
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The optical density (OD) values of the synthesized silver nanoparticles with different volumes of G. lucidum extract and AgNO3 solution were observed with the help of UV–Vis spectroscopy, Perkin Elmer (USA) scanning ranges at 200–800 nm. The UV–Visible spectral studies confirmed the nanoparticle formation.
8
Characterization of TiO2-RGO Nanomaterial
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To further investigate the properties of TiO2-RGO, it was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy (PerkinElmer, Boston, MA, USA) and Raman (Renishaw, London, UK). The TiO2-RGO solution and GO solution were fully stirred for 2 h with ultrasound and tested on a UV-vis spectrophotometer with a wavelength range of 200–800 nm. The TiO2-RGO solution was vacuumized in order to prepare the Raman test sample; after filtration two times, the sample was dried in air and a small portion of the filter paper was cut out for Raman testing, with a frequency range of 50–2500 cm−1.
9
Catechol-Functionalized Cellulose Nanofibers
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CCNF-DA was prepared following the previous study with minor modification [20 (link)]. In brief, EDC·HCl (1 equivalent) was directly added to the CCNF hydrogel, followed by addition of NHS (1 equivalent) and DA·HCl (2 equivalent) with stirring at 4 °C. The molar ratio of EDC·HCl, NHS, and DA·HCl was based on the carboxyl group molar content of CCNF. The mixture was stirred for 24 h and dialyzed with DW at pH 4–5 at room temperature. The suspension was stored in argon purged vials until further use. The catechol content of the CCNF-DA was quantified using a colorimetric assay developed by Arnow [21 ]. The CCNF-DA was added with 100 μL of DW, 300 μL of 0.5 M HCl, 300 μL of nitrite molybdate reagent (1.45 M sodium nitrite and 0.41 M sodium molybdate), and 300 μL of 1 M NaOH. The absorbance was measured at 500 nm using UV–Vis spectroscopy (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) and the concentration of catechol was determined by Arnow’s standard curve of l -DOPA. To cast films, the CCNF-DA was poured into plastic petri dishes covered with adhesive Teflon tape and dried in an oven at 40 °C–50 °C for at least one day. The films were stored in a vacuum package prior to use.
10
Characterization of Synthesized Materials
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The structure and phase purity of the synthesized materials were characterized using a Bruker D2 Phaser X-ray diffractometer with a Å copper tube. Using the DIFRACC.EVA V4.3.1.2 software, a semi-quantitative analysis of the diffraction pattern was performed to identify secondary phases. The morphological analysis of the sample was performed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. A field emission electron microscope MIRA 3, TESCAN equipped with a Bruker X-Flash 6–30 detector with a resolution of 123 eV in Mn K was used. The diffuse reflectance spectrum was measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA) with 200–1000 nm with an integrating sphere. These spectra were transformed by a Kubelka–Munk model in order to estimate the band gap value.
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