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7 protocols using image pro plus 6.0 program

1

Fluorescent Immunohistochemistry of Fibronectin and Integrin β1

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For fluorescent immunohistochemistry (IHC) of fibronectin and integrin β1,
deparaffinized slides were subjected to antigen retrieval in boiled sodium
citrate buffer solution (pH 6.0) for 10 min, then blocked for 20 min in blocking
buffer (5% bovine serum albumin and 0.01% Triton X-100 in phosphate buffer
solution (PBS; Sigma). After blocking, samples were incubated with rabbit
polyclonal anti-fibronectin (Abcam, ab2413, 1:300) and rabbit polyclonal
anti-integrin β1 (Abcam, ab183666, 1:300) overnight at 4°C. Alexa Fluor 594 goat
anti-rabbit IgG (Life Technologies, USA, 1:500) were used to detect primary
antibodies, and then counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI;
Invitrogen). Immunofluorescent images were captured using a Leica TCS SP5
confocal microscope (Leica). The expression intensity was measured using the
Image-Pro Plus 6.0 program (Media Cybernetics, Rockville, MD, USA).
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2

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Kidney Inflammation

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Rat kidneys were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. Paraffin sections (4 μm) were mounted on glass slides, deparaffinized in xylene, and rehydrated in ethanol with increasing concentrations of water. The rehydrated sections were pretreated with 3% H2O2 for 10 min at room temperature to block the endogenous peroxidase. After boiling in antigen retrieval solution (1 mmol/L tris-HCl, 0.1 mmol/L EDTA, pH = 8.0) for 10 min at high power in a microwave oven, the sections were incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary goat polyclonal anti-HO-1 (1:200, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse monoclonal anti-ED-1 (1:200, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) or mouse moloclonal anti-IL-6 (1:200, Abcam, Cambridge, UK). This was followed by biotinylated secondary antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and finally by avidin conjugated horseradish peroxidase. All slides were counterstained with haematoxylin. HO-1 or IL-6 positive stained areas were assessed and expressed as integrated optical density (IOD) and area. Interstitial macrophages were expressed as the percentage of ED-1 positive interstitial area. Three sections of each rat kidney were measured, and 10 random fields were chosen and calculated under magnification of 400×. The IOD and positive area were acquired by the Image-Pro Plus 6.0 program (Media Cybernetics, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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3

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Ng and PSD-95

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For immunohistochemical analyses, brain sections were rinsed briefly in phosphate-buffered saline and treated with 1% hydrogen peroxide for 15 min. The sections were incubated with a goat anti-Ng antibody (1:500; Abcam) or anti-postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) antibody (1:500; Abcam). The sections were next incubated with a biotinylated horse anti-goat immunoglobulin G (1:200; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA) and avidin–biotin–peroxidase complex solution and then visualized with a SIGMA FASTTM 3.3′-diaminobenzidine tablet (Sigma-Aldrich) as a chromogen. To quantify the immunoreactivity of PSD-95, the images were analyzed using the Image-Pro Plus 6.0 program (Media Cybernetics, Rockville, MD, USA). For immunofluorescence staining, brain sections were rinsed briefly in phosphate-buffered saline and incubated with a goat anti-Ng antibody (1:500, 4 °C, 12 h) followed by donkey anti-goat Alexa Fluor® 594 immunoglobulin G (1:200, room temperature, 1 h; Abcam). All sections were counter-stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (Thermo Scientific) before mounting.
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4

Ceramic-Assisted Bone Formation

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Approximately 4.0×106 of cells were mixed with 40 mg of hydroxyapatite/tricalciumphosphate (HA/TCP) ceramic particles, combined with/without 1 μg/ml LPS and then transplanted subcutaneously into the dorsal surface of 10-week-old immunocompromised beige mice. 8 weeks after transplantation, the transplants were harvested, fixed with 10% formalin, decalcified with buffered 10% EDTA (pH 8.0), and then embedded in paraffin. 5 μm sections were obtained, deparaffinized, hydrated and stained with H&E staining. Bone formation area was measured by using the Image-Pro Plus 6.0 program (Media Cybernetics, Rockville, MD, USA).
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5

Microstructural Analysis of Zirconia-Reinforced Filler Metal

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The cast filler samples were ground metallographically with SiC paper, polished with Al2O3 suspensions, and etched with a 10 vol. % H3PO4 solution at 50 °C for 1 minute. The phases present in the microstructure of the filler metal with different ZrO2 were examined by analytical scanning electron microscopy (ASEM, JEOL JSM-6010 PLUS/LA, Tokyo, Japan). The phase composition in filler metal were quantified using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS, ASEM, JEOL JSM-6010 PLUS/LA, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with Image-Pro Plus 6.0 program (Media Cybernetics, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA). For EDS compositional analysis, the authors have analyzed approximately 50 spots for each phase and the mean value is considered. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (Philips FEI Technai G2 twin, USA) analysis was used to observe the dispersion of ZrO2 nanomaterials in the filler metal matrix.
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6

Immunohistochemistry of Neural Markers

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For immunohistochemical analysis, brain sections were rinsed briefly in phosphate buffered saline and treated with 1% hydrogen peroxide for 15 min. The sections were incubated with Ki67 (1:2,000, abcam, England) or goat anti-doublecortin (DCX) antibody (1:1,000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) or mouse anti-synaptophysin antibody (1:1,000, Sigma-Aldrich, USA) overnight at 4°C. The sections were then incubated with biotinylated horse anti-mouse IgG or biotinylated horse anti-goat IgG (1:200, VECTOR, USA) and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex solution, and then visualized with a SIGMA FAST 3.3′-Diaminobenzidine tablet (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) as a chromogen.
To quantify immunoreactivity, the images were processed and analyzed using Image-Pro Plus 6.0 program (Media Cybernetics, USA). The analysis was performed blindly in both hemispheres of four brain sections per animal. The optical densities of Ki67 and DCX in the DG and synaptophysin in the CA3-SL (cornu ammonis subfield 3 stratum lucidum) region and CA1 (cornu ammonis subfield 1) region were measured from images that were manually outlined and captured as 8-bit grayscale.
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7

Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Mammary Tissues

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The histopathological changes in mammary tissue were measured with hematoxylineosin (H&E) staining. After the mice were euthanized, their mammary tissues were collected and fixed in 10% formalin. Following xylene dewaxing and gradient ethanol hydration, the tissues were embedded in paraffin and cut into 4 µm-thick sections, which were then stained with H&E and observed with a binocular Olympus CX31 microscope.
The levels of IgA in the mammary tissues were measured by using immunohistochemistry. The procedures before the incubation with the primary antibody were consistent with the immunofluorescence process described above. The slides were then stained with the primary antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA, USA) against IgA (1:5000) for 2 h at 37 • C, followed by the secondary antibody for 1 h at 37 • C. The relative expression levels of the target proteins were analyzed with the Image-Pro Plus 6.0 program (Media Cybernetics, Rockville, MD, USA).
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