Cell culture reagents

EPA and DHA were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Normal and deuterated BAs were purchased from Steraloids Inc. (Newport, RI) and C/D/N Isotopes Inc. (Pointe-Claire, Canada), respectively. Strata X and Synergi RP Hydro columns were from Phenomenex (Torrance, CA). The SYBR Fast PCR Master mix and Enzchek® caspase-3 assay kit were purchased from Thermo (Life Technologies Division, Foster City, CA). Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodine (PI) were from eBioscience (San Diego, CA). Protein assay reagents were obtained from Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc. (Marnes-la-Coquette, France). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and other cell culture reagents were from Wisent (Québec, QC Canada).

Cobalt chloride (CoCl₂) was from Sigma Aldrich (Oakville, ON, Canada). S1P was purchased from Biomol (Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA). Human IL-8 and MCP-1 ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kits were purchased from BioSource International Inc. (Camarillo, CA, USA) and R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA), respectively. The S1P₂ and S1P₃ receptor antagonists (JTE-013 and CAY10444) were from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). The S1P assay kit was from Echelon Biosciences (Salt Lake City, UT, USA). SYBR Green JumpStart Ready Mix kits were obtained from Sigma (Oakville, ON, Canada). TRIzol reagent and Superscript II were purchased from Life Technologies (Burlington, ON, Canada). Anti-SGPP1 and SPL antibodies were from Novus Biologicals (Oakville, ON, Canada) and R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA), respectively. Anti-PI3 kinase p85 (06-195) was purchased from Upstate Biotechnology Associates (Billerica, MA, USA). The Proteome Profiler Human Cytokine Array (panel A) was bought from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Cell culture reagents were from Wisent Inc. (St-Bruno, QC, Canada).