Assay kits for malondialdehyde

RPM and PPM used in the laboratory were purchased from Anhui Hongkun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Hefei, China). The major ingredients of RPM and PPM were analyzed by LC−MS (Supplementary Materials). We purchased assay kits for malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) from Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Methanol, acetonitrile, and formic acid were purchased from Sigma (Kawasaki, Japan).

The following chemicals and materials were obtained from the indicated suppliers: Acetonitrile (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany); formic acid (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany); Leucine encephalin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA); Lipopolysaccharides (LPS; Sigma-Aldrich); Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA); fetal bovine serum (FBS; Wisent, Saint-Jean-Baptiste, QC, Canada); trypsin (Biosharp, Hefei, China); Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Sigma-Aldrich); and Amentoflavone (Shunbo, Shanghai, China). Assay kits for malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and NO were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China).

SalB (purity > 99%) was purchased from the Chinese National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), neurobasal medium, and F12 supplement were obtained from Gibco (New York, NY, USA). 2′,7′-dichlo-rofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) was obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Assay kits for malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione reductase (GSH-Px) were purchased from Nanjing JianCheng Bioengineering Institute (China). The blots were probed with the following antibodies: anti-APP (Millipore, Boston, MA, USA); anti-sAPPα (Abcam, Cambridge, UK); anti-sAPPβ (Immuno-Biological Laboratories, Fujioka, Japan); anti-BACE1 (Millipore); anti-disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10, Millipore); anti-presenlin 1 (PS1, Millipore), anti-GSK3β (Abcam); anti-pS9-GSK3β (Abcam); anti-β-actin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA); and secondary antibody horseradish peroxidase- (HRP-) conjugated goatanti-rabbit IgG (Cell Signaling Technology, Boston, MA, USA). The Western blot chemiluminescent horseradish peroxidase substrate was purchased from Millipore. All other reagents and chemicals used in the study were of analytical grade.