Cleaved caspase 12

DMEM and foetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Recombinant human bFGF was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anti-Akt, p-Akt (Ser473), anti-ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204), anti-cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-9, Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved-PARP, cytochrome c, anti-CHOP, cleaved-caspase-12, glucose-regulated protein (GRP-78), ATF-6 and GAPDH antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Goat antirabbit and antimouse IgG-HRP were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA). An enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) kit was purchased from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA, USA). TBHP, PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002, ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 and all other reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich unless otherwise specified.

TM was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Resveratrol was obtained from Calbiochem (Darmstadt, Germany). Rapamycin, chloroquine and DAPI were obtained from Tocris (Bristol, UK). Antibody against GRP78 was purchased from Bioworld (St. Louis Park, MN, USA). Antibodies against CHOP, phospho-JNK, cleaved-caspase-12 and β-actin were obtained from Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Antibodies against Beclin1, LC3, LC3II, and Sirt3 were obtained from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA, USA).