Proximal tubular cell line HK-2 (human kidney 2) was purchased from ATCC and grown at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2/95% air in normal DMEM medium (Gibco) including 10% FCS (Gibco), 10 units per ml penicillin, 0.5 mM tryptophan and HEPES for buffering. ACMSD inhibitor was initially diluted from powder in DMSO until the stock concentration of 1 mM. This stock was further diluted with water until the 100 μM solution, which was used for the cell treatments.
All the cell lines purchased from ATCC have been authenticated by morphology, karyotyping and PCR-based approaches. All the used cell lines have been routinely checked in the laboratory for mycoplasma contamination with the MycoProbe detection kit (R&D systems). Only cells negative for mycoplasma contamination were used.