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59 protocols using polybrene

1

Lentivirus-Mediated FTO and miR-27a-3p Modulation

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Target cells at a density of 1×10
6 cells/well were seeded into 6-well plates and cultured for 24 h in growth medium with 10% FBS. Next, cells were transduced with lentivirus (lv) lv-sh-NC, lv-sh1-FTO, or lv-sh2-FTO (for FTO knockdown), lv-NC, lv-FTO (for FTO overexpression), or agomir-27a-3p/antagomir-27a-3p (for miR-27a-3p overexpression or inhibition) using polybrene (Beyotime) or Lipofectamine® 3000 reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocols. The sequences are shown in
Supplementary Table S1.
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2

METTL3 and YTHDF2 Regulation in Cells

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Silencing of METTL3 was achieved by transducing lentivirus containing short hairpin RNA targeting METTL3 (Lv-sh-METTL3, GenePharma, Shanghai, China). METTL3 overexpression was achieved by transducing plasmid overexpressing METTL3 (METTL3 OE, GenePharma). Silencing of PTEN was achieved by transducing lentivirus containing short hairpin RNA targeting PTEN (Lv-sh-PTEN, GenePharma, Shanghai, China). YTHDF2 silencing or overexpression was achieved by transducing sh-YTHDF2 or YTHDF2 OE vector (GenePharma). Scramble sequence shRNA or empty plasmid was used as negative control (sh-NC/vector). Cell transduction was performed using polybrene (Beyotime) or Lipofectamine 3000 (Invitrogen).
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3

Lentiviral-mediated Knockdown in GC Cells

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Standard protocols were followed to generate viruses, and packaging lentiviruses were used for constructing the stable transgenic cells.
The lentiviral packaging plasmids psPAX2 and pMD2.G and shRNA were used to generate the lentiviral particles in the HEK293T cells.
The supernatants containing virus particles were collected at 48 h and 72 h post-transfection and concentrated using a lentivirus precipitation
solution (#FV101-01, Transgen Biotech, Beijing, China). The concentrated virus particles and polybrene (1:1000, #C0351, Beyotime, Shanghai, China)
were used to infect the GC cells grown in 6-well plates. The stable shRNA-expressing cells were selected using puromycin
(0.25 mg/mL, #ant-pr-1, InvivoGen, San Diego, CA, USA) for 3–5 days. The shRNA sequences were as follows:
shRNA#1: 5′-CCGGAGAGTTGTGGACTTTAT-3′.
shRNA#2: 5′-CAACCTCACGACCGGATCAT-3′.
shRNA#3: 5′-GCAACGGGTGGAGCAGTTTGC-3′.
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4

Lentiviral Knockdown of Bax Gene

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For shRNA constructs, Bax target sequences and a scrambled sequence were individually cloned into a pLKO.1-TRC vector (AgeI and EcoRI sites).
For lentiviral particle production, 5 μg of shRNA construct, 3.75 μg of psPAX2, and 1.5 μg of pMD2.G were co-transfected into HEK293FT cells (70–80% confluence) in a 6 cm dish. The supernatant containing lentivirus was harvested twice at 48 and 72 h after transfection and further filtered through a 0.45 μm filter before use. To infect the GC cells with lentivirus, they were cultured in a medium containing a lentivirus supplement with 1 mg/mL polybrene (Beyotime, C0351 Sigma).
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5

LINC01060 Knockdown Using Lentiviral Transduction

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LINC01060 knockdown was achieved in target cells by transducing lentivirus containing short hairpin RNA against LINC01060 (Lv-shLINC01060–1/2; GenePharma, Shanghai, China). The sequences for Lv-shLINC01060–1/2 construction are listed in Table S1. Polybrene (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) was acquired to help in cell transduction.
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6

Genechem Lentiviral Knockdown and Overexpression

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A set of two different plasmids (Genechem) carrying shRNA (5' CGACTCTTCTGTGATGTGTAT 3' and 5' CATCCGGATCACTGAGAAGAT 3') targeting CFP1 were inserted in lentiviral vectors respectively. Virus particles were produced by co-transfected 293 T cells with target plasmids and virus package plasmids (Syngentech) according to the manufactory protocol of the Lipofectamine 3000 kit (Invitrogen). After 48 h, viral supernatant was collected and transduced to target cells with 8 μg/mL polybrene (Beyotime). Puromycin (Beyotime) was diluted in the complete culture medium (final concentration 2 μg/mL) to select transfected successfully cells for 2 weeks. The CFP1 overexpression plasmid and vector control plasmid (Genechem) were transfected in H1975 cells with Lipofectamine 3000 (Invitrogen). After 48 h, the protein overexpression efficiency was detected by western blotting.
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7

Lentiviral Silencing of Opioid Receptor μ1

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Lentiviral plasmids containing a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) for the gene that encodes MOR (OPRM1) and a negative control were purchased from Zorin Biological Technology (Zorin Biological Technology, Shanghai, China). The sequence of shRNA‐MOR was: Forward 5’‐ GATCCGGATCCTCTCTTCTGCCATTG CTTCCTGTCAGACAATGGCAGAAGAGAGGATCCTTTTTG ‐3’ and Reverse 5’‐ AATTCAAAAAGGATCCTCTCTTCTGCCATTGTCTGACAGGAAG CAATGGCAGAAGAGAGGATCCG ‐3’. Before lentiviral vector transduction, 2 × 106 MB49 cells were seeded into 6‐well plates, and transduction was performed when cells were 30%‐50% confluent. Briefly, negative control or OPRM1‐Lentivirus (multiplicity of infection = 20 for both) and 8 μg/ml Polybrene (Beyotime) were added to MB49 cells together into fresh DMEM + 10% FBS. After incubation for 24 h, infected cells were cultured in a selection medium containing 3 μg/mL puromycin. Stably silenced OPRM1 MB49 cells (MOR‐KD MB49 cell) were then maintained in DMEM with 0.6 μg/mL puromycin.
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8

Adenovirus-Mediated RRM2 Overexpression

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Cells were seeded in a 6-well plate. Polybrene (4 µg/ml; Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology) was added, followed by RRM2-overexpressing recombinant adenovirus labeled with green fluorescence protein (AdRRM2; cat. no. GOSA0296619; Shanghai GeneChem Co., Ltd.) and negative control adenovirus labeled with green fluorescence protein (AdGFP; cat. no. ADCON267; Shanghai GeneChem Co., Ltd.) according to the manufacturer's standard protocol when cell confluence reached ~40%. After transfection at 37˚C for 8-12 h, the medium was changed to OM. Green fluorescence was observed and images were captured 24 h after treatment using a fluorescence microscope (Olympus IX53; Olympus Corporation; magnification, x100). siRRM2 was purchased from Shanghai GeneBio Co., Ltd. The sequences of siRRM2 were: Forward, 5'-GAGUACCAUGAUAUCUGGCAGAUGU-3' and reverse, 5'-ACAUCUGCCAGAUAUCAUGGUACUC-3'. According to the manufacturer's recommended protocol, siRRM2 was configured as a working system with an ultimate concentration of 20 µM and cells were transfected using Lipo8000 Transfection Reagent (cat. no. C0533; Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology) when cell confluence reached ~40%. In the control group, only Lipo8000 was added without siRRM2. Subsequent experimentation was performed after transfection with recombinant adenovirus or siRNA for at least 2 days.
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9

Lentiviral-Mediated LMNA Manipulation in HCC Cell Lines

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The LMNA plasmid was purchased from Sino Biological (Beijing, China). The LMNA gene was then subcloned and inserted into a PLVX-puro lentivirus vector (Clontech, Shiga, Japan). The PLVX-shRNA1 lentivirus plasmid for LMNA shRNA was constructed as previously described [35 (link)]. The LMNA shRNA sequence was as follows: 5′-CTGACTTCCAGAAGAACA-3′. Lentivirus lacking the shRNA insert was used as a control.
To establish LMNA knockdown or overexpression of LMNA cells, 293T cells were transfected with the target plasmid along with psPAX2 and PMD2G packing plasmids with Lipo8000 Transfection Reagent (Beyotime, Shanghai, China, C0533). Next, 293T cell supernatants were collected and mixed with fresh medium to infect HCC827 or HCC827/ER cells along with 2 μg/mL polybrene (Beyotime, C0351). After 24 h, the supernatants were replaced with fresh medium containing puromycin (Beyotime, ST551) at a concentration of 5 μg/mL. The puomycin-resistant cells were isolated and used for further experiments.
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10

Genetic Manipulation of HEK293T Cells

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The plasmids that contained wild-type vector (PCDH-CMY-MCS-EF1-Puro) and constitutive overexpression cDNA (NAMPT or NMNAT1) were constructed by Genewiz (Genewiz, Suzhou, China) through amplification, purification, and sequencing (Supplementary Materials). HEK293T cells (from Professor Qingquan Li, Department of Pathology at the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University) were cultured under standard conditions in the Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium (DMEM, Thermo Gibco, Waltham, MA, USA) supplemented with 10% bovine serum (Thermo Gibco, Waltham, MA, USA). For transfection, HEK293T cells were plated so that they reached 60–80% confluence and were transfected using Lipofectamine 2000 reagent (Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA). The virus solution was collected once every 24 h and 48 h, then filtered with a filter and mixed with 100 mg/mL Polybrene (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) at a ratio of 1:1000, and added to the culture solution of 50% target cells for 8–12 h and changed the fresh culture medium. The transfected MSC were screened with 1.5–2.5 μg/mL puromycin (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) after transfection for 48 h.
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