Ex vivo MR imaging occurred from seven to 21days post-fixation. Brains were removed from skulls, soaked in PBS for 2 days and immersed in non-aqueous media (fomblin Y, Sigma Aldrich, MO). Diffusion experiments consisted of 64 non-collinear directions diffusion weighted spin echo images with b=0, 0.8, 1.5 and 3.0 ms/μm2, δ/Δ= 3.5/7.2 ms. Imaging parameters were TR/TE/NEX 1200/16.3/3, 8 axial slices, 55×100 micron resolution in plane, 0.25 mm thick,0.2 mm gap. Imaging time was 12 hours 36 minutes.
Fomblin y
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Macao
Fomblin Y is a perfluoropolyether (PFPE) fluid produced by Merck Group. It is a colorless, odorless, and chemically inert liquid with a wide operating temperature range. Fomblin Y is used as a lubricant, sealant, and heat transfer fluid in various industrial applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
13 protocols using fomblin y
1
Ex Vivo MRI of Brain Tissues
2
Structural brain imaging of Nrxn2α knockout mice
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Six adult wild-type males (Charles River, Margate, UK) and six age-matched littermate Nrxn2α KO homozygotes (71 days ± 6 days old (SEM)) were perfused fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and the brains extracted. The brains were immersed in 4% PFA/0.1 M PBS for a minimum of 48 h prior to imaging. Mouse weights were not specifically taken prior to perfusion. However, in a separate cohort, wild-type and Nrxn2α KO homozygotes did not significantly differ in body mass (wild type, n = 15, 30.9 ± 4.1 g; Nrxn2 KO, n = 10, 28.6 ± 4.3 g, t test p = 0.167). We did not specifically time perfusions, although as a matter of process, each mouse was perfused with ~ 60 ml of fixative. We cannot rule out that variance in perfusion timings may have influenced the results, which is a limitation of the current study. During imaging, the samples were placed in custom-built MR-compatible tubes containing Fomblin Y (Sigma, Poole, Dorset, UK).
Due to the relatively low variance and owing to the complexity and methodological nature in our experimental approach, we achieved significance by groups of 6 (power provided in the ‘Results ’ section). No data was excluded from the study. Sample randomisation was performed by JD, with experimenters (EP and ALT) blinded to genotype.
Due to the relatively low variance and owing to the complexity and methodological nature in our experimental approach, we achieved significance by groups of 6 (power provided in the ‘
3
In Vivo Heart Imaging with MRI
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4
Ex vivo MRI of Fixed Rodent Brains
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Ex vivo MR imaging occurred from seven to 21-day post-fixation. Skulls were immersed in non-aqueous media (fomblin Y, Sigma Aldrich, MO). Imaging was performed on a 14.1 T Bruker Avance imaging spectrometer (Bruker, Billerica, MA) using a 30-mm resonator. Four brains were imaged at the same time (Fig 1B ). High resolution T1-weighted image for Tensor based morphometry was obtained with parameters TR/TE/NEX 17/4.8/8, with 60 μm isotropic resolution. Imaging time was four hours and ten minutes.
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) experiments consisted of 30 non-collinear directions diffusion weighted spin echo images with b = 0 and 1.0 ms/μm2, δ/Δ = 3/7 ms. Imaging parameters were TR/TE/NEX 7500/15.1/1, 40 axial slices 0.25 mm thick with no gap covering whole cerebrum. In-plane resolution was 125x125 μm and brain volumes were interpolated to isotropic 125 μm3. Imaging time was 11 hours 22 minutes. Diffusion tensor maps were calculated using multivariate linear fitting of signal attenuation from the acquired diffusion weighted images [34 (link)]. Fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were calculated [35 (link)] using in-house software written on Matlab (MathWorks, Natick, MA).
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) experiments consisted of 30 non-collinear directions diffusion weighted spin echo images with b = 0 and 1.0 ms/μm2, δ/Δ = 3/7 ms. Imaging parameters were TR/TE/NEX 7500/15.1/1, 40 axial slices 0.25 mm thick with no gap covering whole cerebrum. In-plane resolution was 125x125 μm and brain volumes were interpolated to isotropic 125 μm3. Imaging time was 11 hours 22 minutes. Diffusion tensor maps were calculated using multivariate linear fitting of signal attenuation from the acquired diffusion weighted images [34 (link)]. Fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were calculated [35 (link)] using in-house software written on Matlab (MathWorks, Natick, MA).
5
Formulation of Graphite-Fomblin Plug
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Example 12
For a mobile plug that could replace the piston in a device where the formulation is delivered into the mouth by the about constant pressure of a propellant, a paste was made of 2 g graphite (Timrex SFG44, Timcal, Westlake, Ohio, average particle (flake) size 44 microns) mixed with 6 g of Fomblin Y (Sigma). The plug may be impermeable to the propellant and also to the drug containing formulation.
6
Graphite-Fomblin Paste Plug Formulation
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Example 12
For a mobile plug that could replace the piston in a device where the formulation is delivered into the mouth by the about constant pressure of a propellant, a paste was made of 2 g graphite (Timrex SFG44, Timcal, Westlake, Ohio, average particle (flake) size 44 microns) mixed with 6 g of Fomblin Y (Sigma). The plug may be impermeable to the propellant and also to the drug containing formulation.
7
Graphite-Based Propellant Plug
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Example 12
For a mobile plug that could replace the piston in a device where the formulation is delivered into the mouth by the about constant pressure of a propellant, a paste was made of 2 g graphite (Timrex SFG44, Timcal, Westlake, Ohio, average particle (flake) size 44 microns) mixed with 6 g of Fomblin Y (Sigma). The plug may be impermeable to the propellant and also to the drug containing formulation.
8
Formulation for Propellant-Driven Delivery
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Example 12
For a mobile plug that could replace the piston in a device where the formulation is delivered into the mouth by the about constant pressure of a propellant, a paste was made of 2 g graphite (Timrex SFG44, Timcal, Westlake, Ohio, average particle (flake) size 44 microns) mixed with 6 g of Fomblin Y (Sigma). The plug may be impermeable to the propellant and also to the drug containing formulation.
9
Ex vivo Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Mouse Brains
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Mice were fixed with transcardial perfusion of saline followed by 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Brains remaining in skulls were immersed in non-aqueous media (fomblin Y, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Ex vivo MR imaging was performed on a 14.1 T Avance imaging spectrometer (Bruker) using a 30-mm resonator. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) experiments consisted of 30 non-collinear direction diffusion weighted spin echo images. The imaging parameters were TR/TE/NEX 7500/15.1/1, 40 axial slices 0.25 mm thick with no gap covering the whole cerebrum. In-plane resolution was 125 × 125 µm, and brain volumes were interpolated to isotropic 125 µm3. Diffusion tensor maps were calculated using multivariate linear fitting of signal attenuation from the acquired diffusion weighted images [48 (link)]. Fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were calculated [49 (link)] using in-house software written on Matlab (V1.0) (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA).
10
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Intervertebral Disc
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