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9 protocols using carbamide

1

Synthesis of Multifunctional Hydrogels

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Acrylamide (AM), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), maleic anhydride (MAH), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), chloroform (CHCl3), acetone, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), ethylene glycol, N, N’-methylenebisAcrylamide (MBAA), ammonium persulfate (APS), N,N,N’,N’-tetramethylenediamine (TMEDA), cadmium chloride (CdCl2-2.5H2O), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), tellurium powder (Te) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. Carbamide, zinc citrate dehydrate, sodium citrate dihydrate were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China); Fe3O4 nanoparticles (20 nm) were purchased from Aladdin-reagent (Shanghai, China). Deionized water was used in all of the experiments.
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2

Electrochemical Detection of Ascorbic Acid

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Adrenaline hydrochloride, ascorbic
acid (AA), l-cysteine, thionyl chloride, ammonium molybdate,
and HAuCl4 were purchased from Aladdin Industrial Corporation
(Shanghai, China). Graphite was purchased from Xilong Chemical Industry
Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen, China). 4-Nitrophthalimide was obtained from
Meryer Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Sodium sulfide
nonahydrate (Na2S·9H2O) and carbamide were
purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; 0.1 M, pH 7.0) buffer was prepared
using KH2PO4, Na2HPO4·12H2O, and KCl. The human serum sample was obtained from Chongzuo
People’s Hospital (Guangxi, China).
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3

Synthesis of Bismuth Nanomaterials

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Melamine, ethanol, bismuth nitrate
(Bi(NO3)3·5H2O), cetyltrimethyl
ammonium bromide (CTAB), carbamide, and glycerinum were all from Sinopharm
Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (China). The reagents were all of analytical
grade and utilized without further handling. Deionized water (H2O) after being Millipore system-purified was used throughout
all experiments.
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4

Solvent Purification and Drying Protocol

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Sodium citrate, carbamide, methylbenzene and cobalt chloride were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. All of the reagents are analytical grade, which can be used without further purification.
Ethanol absolute (water content ≤ 0.005%, anhydrous level, E130059), tetrahydrofuran (≥99.9%, anhydrous level, T120775), and 1,4-dioxane (HPLC, ≥99.5%, D116159) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All the above solvents were dried with activated 3 Å molecular sieves.
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5

Composite Phase Change Materials Synthesis

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MA (myristic acid) was used to prepare the composite PCMs, CTAB (cetlytrimethyl bromide), NBA (n-butyl alcohol), TEOS, carbamide and CYH (cyclohexane) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., China. Acetone was purchased from Nanjing Chemical Reagents Co., Ltd., China. Ethanol was purchased from Ji'an Hao MAI Fine Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., China.
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6

Citrus and Pork Compound Analysis

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Citrus peel from orange (Citrus sinensis) and Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle from pig (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, DLY) were purchased from a supermarket in Changsha City. Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. provided a total of 17 HA and 2 AGE standards. Waters (Milford, MA, USA) was the source of Oasis MCX SPE column. Choline chloride, L-carnitine, betaine, acetamide, ethylene glycol, carbamide, and additional analytical grade chemicals were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
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7

Rare Earth Elements Protocol

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All reagents were of analytical grade unless otherwise noted. Stock solutions (1.000 g L−1) of 16 REEs (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Td, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y and Sc) were prepared by dissolving appropriate amounts of the corresponding Specpure oxides in dilute HNO3. Working solutions were prepared daily by appropriately diluting the stock solutions. NaCl, Na2SO4, FeCl3, AlCl3, CuSO4, ZnCl2, NaAc, NaHCO3, NH4NO3, HNO3, H2O2, NH3·H2O, CH2Cl2, ethanol, carbamide, ethylene glycol, acetic anhydride, oxalyl chloride and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) were bought from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd, China. Diglycolic acid, dioctylamine, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company. High-purity water (18.2 MΩ cm) obtained from a Milli-Q Element system (Millipore, Molsheim, France) was used directly throughout this study. Plastic and glass containers and all other laboratory materials that could come into contact with the samples and standards were stored in 10% (v/v) nitric acid for 24 h and rinsed with high-purity water.
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8

Activated Carbon Synthesis and Characterization

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Carbamide (A.R.), KOH (A.R.), light MgO (A.R.) and hydrochloric acid (A.R.) were provided by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Company. Anthracite was purchased from Shanxi Jincheng Anthracite Coal Mining Group. Commercial coal-based activated carbon (CAC, 200 mesh) was purchased from Henan Jingchuan Environmental Protection Technology Company. All the gases were purchased from Air Liquide Tianjin.
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9

Purification and Analysis of Paclitaxel

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Semen Armeniacae Amarum (SA) was purchased from Beijing Yanjing Chinese Medicinal Herbs Co. Ltd. (China). BCA kit was purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (China). High Q ion exchange gel was purchased from Bio-Red Laboratories (USA). The TSK-GEL G6000 PW column was purchased from TOSOH (Japan). β-MercaptoEthanol was purchased from Amresco Co. (USA).
Paclitaxel (99.5% purity), sodium dodecyl sulphate, glycine and Trizma base were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (USA). Ethanol, acetone, carbamide, hydrochloric acid, glacial acetic acid, sodium chloride, N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl ethylene diamine, tween 20, bromophenol blue, ammonium persulphate and EDTA were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (China).
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