Spss version 23.0 for windows

All outcomes were analyzed using a normal analysis with a Shapiro–Wilk test. An unpaired t-test was used to compare the demographic information of the subjects between the CAI and healthy groups. The comparisons of the TMG value, mean normalized peak torque, mean normalized maximal work done, muscle thickness of the PL and TA between the CAI side and non-CAI side and healthy subjects were conducted using a one-factor ANOVA test. The effect sizes were calculated using eta-squared (η²) statistics and the post-hoc observed power was generated by G*Power 3.1 (Kiel University, Kiel, Germany). For the follow-up, a Tukey post-hoc analysis was carried out to statistically analyze the difference between the CAI side, non-CAI side and the healthy group. Cohen’s d statistics were calculated as the effect sizes for post-hoc comparisons. The significance level was defined at 5% (p < 0.05). SPSS version 23.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for analyzing the data. A pre-study sample size was estimated from the Td of the PL of three legs in the CAI side (mean 18.66), three legs in the non-CAI side (mean 16.30) and three legs in the healthy group (mean 16.12) with an alpha level p < 0.05 and power of 0.8 using G*Power 3.1 because there was no previous study that used the TMG value of the PL as an outcome. A minimum of 33 subjects was calculated to be needed.

Descriptive analysis was used to summarize the variables. Univariate logistic regression with crude odds ratios (cOR) was used to identify potential COVID-19-related factors associated with sleep disturbance and suicidal thoughts. Furthermore, all potential predictive variables identified from the first step were eligible for inclusion in the forward stepwise logistic regression models with adjusted odds ratios (aOR) to determine the independent predictors for sleep disturbance and suicidal thoughts. All tests were examined using a two-tailed test with the alpha level set at <0.05. All data were processed using SPSS version 23.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

Data distribution was verified by the Shapiro–Wilk test. Categorical variables between 2 groups were compared using the Chi-square or Fisher exact test. The continuous variables were compared using Students t test or the Mann–Whitney U test, where appropriate. A logistic regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. The cutoff value of the pancreas volume reduction rate for predicting new onset DM was determined by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS version 23.0 for Windows (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL).

All data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) from three independent experiments. In each experiment, the test was performed in triplicates. Differences between groups were determined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed Tukey HSD method. SPSS version 23.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for all statistical analyses. Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. Significantly different insoluble glucan formation was indicated by different superscripts in lower case in Tables.