Greiss reagent

RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA) and were grown in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics (100 U/ml penicillin G, 100 μg/ml streptomycin) at 37℃ in a humidified incubator containing 5% CO₂ and 95% air. DMEM and PBS were purchased from Cellgro Mediatech Inc. (Herndon, VA, USA). Antibodies for p65, Lamin B, and β-actin were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Antibodies for iNOS, IκBα, p-p65, p-IKKα/β, IKKα, IKKβ, p-ERK, ERK, p-p38, p38, p-JNK, and JNK were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0127:B8) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-rabbit or goat antibodies were supplied by Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Greiss reagent and luciferase assay kits were obtained from Promega (Madison, CA, USA). ELISA kits for TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were purchased from R&D systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and β-actin oligonucleotide primers were purchased from Bioneer (Seoul, Korea).