Avance 400

¹H, ¹³C and ¹⁹F NMR spectra were recorded at 400 MHz (100 MHz) or 500 MHz (125 MHz) using either Bruker AVANCE-400 or JEOL JNM-ECZR-500 NMR spectrometers, respectively. Chemical shifts are reported in ppm and referenced to residual NMR solvent peaks (¹H NMR: δ 3.62 ppm for THF, δ 7.26 ppm for CDCl₃; ¹³C NMR: δ 77.2 ppm for CDCl₃). High-resolution mass spectra were determined with a Bruker Daltonics APEXIV 4.7 Tesla FT–ICR–MS using ESI or DART ionization. The MALDI-MS spectra were acquired in linear and reflection modes in the Koch Institute at MIT using a Bruker Microflex MALDI-MS spectrometer. UV–Vis absorption spectra were measured using an Agilent Cary 4000 Series UV–Vis spectrophotometer. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurements were performed in tetrahydrofuran using an Agilent 1260 Infinity system and calibrated with a polystyrene standard. ATR–FTIR spectra were acquired using a Thermo Scientific Nicolet 6700 FT–IR with either a Ge or ZnSE crystal for ATR and subjected to the ‘atmospheric suppression’ correction in OMNIC™ Spectra software. Raman spectra were collected with excitation at 633 nm laser using a Horiba LabRAM HR800 Raman spectrometer.

Microwave assisted reactions were performed using a CEM Discover BenchMate. Reaction completions were monitored on E. Merck silica gel F254 TLC plates. Purification of the synthesized compounds was performed by flash column chromatography using Merck Silica Gel 60 (230–400 mesh). The synthesized compounds were characterized by an ¹H NMR on Bruker AVANCE 400 (¹H: 400 MHz) and JEOL ECA 500 (¹H: 500 MHz) spectrometers and their chemical shift δ values were measured in ppm with TMS as a standard reference. Mass spectra were obtained using a Waters ACQUITY UPLC, Micromass Quattro microTM API.