L histidine monohydrate

Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate sodium salt (NADP), D-Glucose-6-phosphate disodium salt, magnesium chloride, L-histidine monohydrate, D-biotin, sodium azide (NaN₃), 2-anthramine (2-AA), NPD, MMC, 2-aminofluorene (2-AF), B[a]P and AFB₁ were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co (St. Louis, MO, USA). Oxoid Nutrient Broth No. 2 (Oxoid, England) was used as the bacterial culture medium. D-Glucose, magnesium sulfate, citric acid monohydrate, anhydrous dibasic potassium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate, monobasic sodium phosphate, dibasic sodium phosphate and sodium chloride were purchased from Merck (Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA).

BSA, sucrose, glycine, histidine, L-histidine monohydrate, L-arginine, polysorbate 80 (poly-oxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK). The mAb used, mAb1, was obtained from AstraZeneca (Cambridge, UK) is a recombinant human IgG1 monoclonal antibody, with MW of approximately 144.8 kDa and extinction coefficient 1.42 mg (ml cm⁻¹).

The Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97a, TA98, TA100, and TA102 were kindly provided by Prof. B. N. Ames, University of California, Berkeley, USA. The details of the strains are provided in the Supplementary Table S1 (see Supplementary Material available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/467465). Sodium azide (NaN₃) was purchased from HiMedia Lab. (Mumbai, India). D-glucose-6-phosphate disodium salt, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate sodium salt, sodium phosphate, ammonium molybdate, neocuproine, L-histidine monohydrate, D-biotin, 2-aminofluorene (2AF), benzo[a]pyrene, and ellagic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and trichloroacetic acid were purchased from Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India. All other reagents used to prepare buffers and media were of analytical grade.