Hi 9033

Thermal spring waters were collected in plastic bottles in their points of emission (three different points of the Ourense region) and kept at 4 ± 2 °C in the laboratory within less the next 1 h after their gathering.
The electrical conductivity values of waters were determined by a conductivity meter (HI 9033, Hanna Instruments Ltd., Eden Way, UK) at room temperature. pH determination, total solid content level and color features of the different used waters were measured as indicated above.

Waste water analysis was applied to permeate and retentate samples. The COD, BOD and total organic carbon (TOC) were determined using Photometer Photolab S6 (Wissenschaftlich–Technische Werkstätten GmbH, Weilheim, Germany). The conductivity was measured using a multi-range conductivity meter (HI 9033, Hanna Instruments, Kehl am Rhein, Germany) and the pH was determined using a digital potentiometer. Lignin levels were determined by measuring absorbance at 280 nm using a Helios Gamma UV/VIS spectrophotometer. The efficiency of lignin removal was calculated by comparing the concentrations of lignin in the feed solution and permeate.

The physicochemical properties of agricultural field soil were analyzed at plant harvest on samples taken near the roots to assess the effect of compost and/or AMF applied alone or in combination with soil fertility. Five homogeneous rhizospheric soil samples at a 0–20 cm depth were collected for each treatment. The samples were dried and sieved to measure the pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), organic matter (OM), and assimilable phosphorus (AP). The pH and EC were measured in a diluted soil suspension 1/5 (v/v) using a pH meter HI 9025 and a conductivity meter HI-9033 (Hanna Instruments, Padua, Italy), respectively. Total TOC and OM were measured according to the method described by Aubert (1978) , which consists of the oxidation of organic matter by potassium dichromate in the presence of sulfuric acid. The AP concentration was determined according to Olsen and Sommers (1982) .

The collected bulk soil samples were air-dried at room temperature in the shade and passed through a 2-mm sieve. The soil samples were mixed with DW at a ratio of 1:5 (w/v) for 30 min at 200 rpm, and the pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the soils were determined using a pH meter (HI 9124, Hanna Instruments, United States) and EC meter (HI9033, Hanna), respectively. To determine the exchangeable cation content, 5 g of soil was mixed with 50 mL ammonium acetate (1 N, pH 7.0) solution for 30 min at 200 rpm and filtered to remove soil particles. The exchangeable Ca²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺, and Mg²⁺ contents were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES; 5800 ICP-OES, Agilent, United States) (Hwang and Son, 2006 (link)).

Inorganic ions (both from NS and plant material) were determined by ion chromatography (Dionex model DX500; Dionex Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) with a conductivity detector, using the pre-column IonPack AG14 and the column of separation IonPack AS14 for the anions, and the pre-column IonPack CG12A and the column of separation IonPack CS12A for the cations (Di Gioia et al., 2013 ). Ultrapure water at 18 MΩ/cm (Milli-Q Academic Millipore) was used in all the analysis.
Total Kjeldahl nitrogen in the plant was determined from 0.1 g of dried and ground leaf tissue by the Kjeldahl method (Kjeltec 2300 Auto Analyser; Foss-Tecator, Hillerød, Denmark) adding salicylic acid to recover the NO₃-N (15 mL 0.18 M salicylic acid in 96% H₂SO₄, selenium compounds and Zn as catalysts). Plant phosphorus content was determined by spectrophotometry.
The pH and EC of NS were measured using the portable pH-meter HI 9025 and the conductivity-meter HI-9033 (Hanna Instruments, Padova, Italy). The pH was not subjected to analysis because its correction was done only to maintain its value in the 5.5–6.5 range, in the same manner for all the treatments.
Total soluble solids were measured using a portable reflectometer (Brixstix BX 100 H; Techniquip Corporation, Livermore, CA, USA); the DM was determined after drying until constant weight in a forced-draft oven at 65°C.

Soil samples were collected both before the experiment with no applied treatments and after the experiment with treatments applied. These samples were air-dried and sieved to <1 mm for physicochemical property analysis. Electric conductivity and pH were measured in a 1/5 (w/v) diluted soil suspension using a conductivity meter HI-9033 (Hanna Instruments, Padua, Italy) and a pH meter (HI 9025). Total organic carbon was carried out according to Aubert [81 ]. Olsen and Sommers’s [82 ] method was used to calculate AP. N, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations were determined using ICP/OES Ultima Expert (Inductively Coupled Plasma/Optical Emission Spectrometry, iCAP 6500 Duo, Horiba Inc., Burlington, ON, Canada).