Eosin yellow

Cell culture media for in vitro culture, RPMI1640, DMEM, fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin-streptomycin mixture were obtained from Thermo Fisher (Waltham, MA, USA). Fine reagents for biological studies such as LPS (cat#L2630), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), Griess reagent, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) (cat#P1585), TPA, indomethacin and dexamethasone (DEXA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). HPLC standard withaferine A/B was obtained from Sigma Aldrich, whereas withanolide A and withanoside IV/V were procured from Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., (Bengaluru, India). ELISA kits for cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). Boron trifluoride (BF₃) reagents, n-heptane, hematoxylin, mercury (II) oxide red and potassium aluminum sulphate dodecahydrate were procured from Merck (Mumbai, Maharashtra, India). Eosin yellow and FeCl₃ were obtained from Hi-Media Laboratories (Mumbai, Maharashtra, India). All the other chemicals and reagents used in the studies were of the highest commercial grade.

For the study, Ashwashila (Batch no: AH18/038, manufacturing date: April 2018) was sourced from the Divya Yoga Pharmacy, Haridwar, India, 5-Clone Cocktail antibodies (Cat No-53040) and LPS (Escherichia coli strain 0111: B4; Cat No-9028) were purchased from Chondrex, Inc. WA. Methotrexate (Cat No-M9929) was procured from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO. Haematoxylin, Potassium Aluminium Sulphate Dodecahydrate, Mercury (II) Oxide red were purchased from Merck India Pvt Ltd, Mumbai, India. Safranin and Fast green were procured from Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, India. Eosin Yellow and Ferric Chloride were purchased from Hi-Media Laboratories, Mumbai, India. For tissue culture work, RPMI-1640 cell culture media, Fetal bovine serum, antibiotics, and other reagents were purchased from Life Technologies, Delhi, India.

SBKT, isolated from the pulp, was obtained from Food and Herbal Park, Patanjali Ayurveda Limited, Haridwar, India. Culture media RPMI-1640, fetal bovine serum, and antibiotic/anti-mycotic mixture were obtained from Gibco. Cytokines interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) ELISA kits were purchased from BD Biosciences. LPS, TPA, λ-Carrageenan, indomethacin (INDO), and dexamethasone (DEXA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Hematoxylin, potassium aluminium sulfate dodecahydrate, and mercury (II) oxide red were purchased from Merck India Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, India. Eosin yellow and ferric chloride were purchased from Hi-Media Laboratories, Mumbai, India. All the other chemicals and reagents purchased for the study were of the highest commercial grade.