The 3D-printed hydroxyapatite scaffolds (3D-printed HA) were fabricated as described previously16 (link). First, calcium sulfate-based powder (Visijet PXL, 3D Systems, USA) was loaded into the powder-based three-dimensional printing machine (PROJET 160, 3D Systems, USA) to print the closed disc-shaped specimens with 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness without any designed pore channels in the specimen using a commercial liquid binder (Visijet PXL clear, 3D Systems, USA). Regarding the printing parameters, the layer thickness was set at 0.1 mm, and the disc sample was oriented to build the thickness in the Z direction. Next, the printed samples were phase transformed to hydroxyapatite using the dissolution–precipitation principle by immersing them in a 1 M disodium hydrogen phosphate solution (Sigma Aldrich, USA) at 100 °C for 24 h. Afterward, the scaffolds were cleaned with distilled water, oven-dried, and sterilized using an ethylene oxide sterilizer.
Visijet pxl clear
Manufactured by 3D Systems
Sourced in United States
VisiJet PXL Clear is a photopolymer material designed for 3D printing. It is a clear, transparent resin that can be used in 3D Systems' SLA and DLP 3D printers. The material is intended for functional prototyping and model-making applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
4 protocols using visijet pxl clear
1
3D-printed Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Fabrication
2
3D Printing of Mandibular Models
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A ProJet CJP 660Pro (3D Systems, Inc., Rock Hill, SC, USA) 3D printer was used to produce the 10 mandibular models with BJ technology. The chosen materials were a VisiJet PXL Core (ZP151) as the core material and a VisiJet PXL Clear (ZB63) as the binder, both from 3D Systems, Inc. (Rock Hill, SC, USA). No coloring was applied. The 3DPrint Software v. 1.03 (3D Systems, Inc., Rock Hill, SC, USA) was adjusted to the standard print settings with a layer thickness of 100 microns. The printing time was 3 h and 22 min with approximately 665 layers. Subsequently, post-processing was required to remove unbound core material with a soft airbrush. The model could then be impregnated with acrylate or magnesium sulfate to improve its physical properties. However, since the manual application can lead to irregularities and deformations that influence the accuracy [17 (link),18 (link)], this type of post-processing was omitted. The pure, airbrushed 3D model was used for the measurement.
3
Gypsum-based 3D Printing Protocol
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The CJ printer included ProJet CJP 660Pro (3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC, USA) with a build volume of 254 × 381 × 203 mm, minimum layer thickness of 0.1 mm and XY accuracy of 0.1 mm. The chosen material was Visijet PXL core (3D Systems) which was a gypsum-like composite powder and according to the manufacturer the material was composed of 80-90 % calcium sulfate hemihydrate. The binder used for binding the material was VisiJet PXL Clear (ZB63, 3D Systems). The digital slicing program consisted of 3D Sprint (3D Systems) without any support structures as the powder supported the material during the printing process and a layer resolution of 0.1 was selected. The printer applied binder jetting technology and functioned by layer-by-layer printing process and spreading of the powder material layers on the platform. Followed by deposition of binding agent for bonding the material through inkjet nozzle. The build platform moved downwards following binding of each layer till the model was printed. At post-processing unbounded core material was removed using a soft air brush, blow air and model was bathed in acrylate sulfate bath (Fig. 1D).
4
3D Printed Dental Arch Models from Laser Scans
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A master stereolithography (STL) file of a maxillary arch form was created based on an ideal dental typodont (CON2001-UL-UP-FEM-32; Nissin, Kyoto, Japan). First, a polyvinyl siloxane (Aquasil Ultra XLV; Dentsply, York, Pa) impression was taken of the typodont, and traditional dental stone (0-67 Snow White; Heraeus Kulzer, South Bend, Ind) was used to cast a stone model. Next, the stone model was scanned using an Ortho Insight 3D laser scanner (Motion View Software, Chattanooga, Tenn) to produce the master STL file. This file was then used to 3-dimensionally print 30 identical ceramic-based models using a ProJet 660 Pro 3D printer (3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC). The printing material consisted of calcium sulfate hemihydrate powder (VisiJet PXL Core) and liquid inkjet binder (VisiJet PXL Clear) both from 3D Systems. Each 3D printed model was individually scanned before treatment with the 3D laser scanner, resulting in 30 pretreatment STL files.
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