MicroCal Auto ITC200 (Malvern Panalytical) at the Korea Basic Science Institute was used for the ITC experiments. All samples were prepared in a buffer containing 20 mM Hepes (pH 7.0), 300 mM sodium chloride, and 2 mM β-mercaptoethanol. The ligands, potassium threo-isocitrate, itaconic acid, sodium succinate, malic acid, sodium oxaloacetate, cis-aconitic acid, and 3-phenylpropionic acid were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. RipR RD (30 μM) was prepared in the sample cell, and each ligand (300 μM) was loaded into a titrating syringe. The titrations were measured with 19 2-μl injections with 150-s spacing at 25 °C.
3 phenylpropionic acid
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in France, United States, Germany
3-phenylpropionic acid is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It is a colorless crystalline solid with a melting point of approximately 106-108°C. The compound has the chemical formula C6H5CH2CH2COOH and is classified as a carboxylic acid. It is commonly used in organic synthesis and as a building block for the preparation of other chemical compounds.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
4 hydroxybenzoic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
4 hydroxyphenylacetic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
3 4 hydroxyphenyl propionic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
3 4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Benzoic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Malic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Quercetin, by Extrasynthese (2 mentions)
3 hydroxybenzoic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
3 hydroxyphenylacetic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Citric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sucrose, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
3 4 dihydroxybenzoic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hippuric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Phloroglucinol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium succinate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium oxaloacetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Microcal auto itc200, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
Cis aconitic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Itaconic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dichloromethane, by Avantor (1 mentions)
7 protocols using 3 phenylpropionic acid
1
Isothermal Titration Calorimetry of RipR RD
2
Analytical Standards for Phenolic Compounds
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Acetonitrile of HPLC grade, acetic acid and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide + 10% trimethylchlorosilane (BSTFA + 10% TMCS) were from Fischer Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, sucrose, glucose, fructose, citric acid, NaBH4, N-methylimidazole, acetic anhydride, benzoic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, phenylacetic acid, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, dl -3-phenyllactic acid, dl -3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid, 5-phenylvaleric acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 2,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid and toluene-α−thiol were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Quentin Fallavier, France). Phloretin, p-coumaric acid, quercetin and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside were obtained from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France). Phloridzin was obtained from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Malic acid was obtained from R-Biopharm (Darmstadt, Germany). D3-Methanol was from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Acetonitrile was analytical grade and from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and hexane obtained from VWR International (Radnor, PA, USA).
3
Identification and Quantification of Organic Compounds
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All chemicals were of analytical grade. Amino acid standard AAS18 (Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) was used for the identification of amino acids. Lactic acid, benzoic acid, succinic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3- phenylpropionic acid, malic Acid, 4-methoxyphenylacetic acid, Gamma-Aminobutyric acid, trans-Cinnamic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, adonitol, hydrocinnamic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, citric acid, D-Fructose, d-Galactose, d-Glucose, 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, 1H-indole-3-acetic Acid, D-mannitol, dextrose, sucrose, indole, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA) and used for identification purposes. Stock solutions of all the analytical standards were prepared by dissolving the compounds in MilliQ water.
4
Purification and Characterization of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors
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Quercetin, isorhamnetin, tamarixetin, and 3-coumaric acid were purchased from Extrasynthese. Quercetin-3′-sulfate, Quercetin-3-glucuronide, and isorhamnetin-3-glucuronide were synthetized as described [45 (link)]. xanthine oxidase (from bovine milk), allopurinol, 6-mercaptopurine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, uric acid, oxipurinol, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylacetic acid, 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenylacetic acid, benzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, hippuric acid, 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenon, 4-methylcatechol, resorcinol, pyrogallol, phloroglucinol, 4-methoxysalicylic acid, and homovanillic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, US). 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals. 6-thiouric acid was obtained from Carbosynth, 6-thioxanthine was purchased from 5A Pharmatech. uric acid was dissolved in 0.01 M sodium hydroxide (2 mM), while Q and its metabolites, APU, 6-MP, 6-TX, 6-TU, and xanthine were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (each 2 mM) and stored at –20 °C.
5
Extraction and Characterization of Phytosterols
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n-Propanol (for synthesis), squalene (99%) and a technical β-sitosterol product (55.5% β-sitosterol, 34.2% campesterol [16 (link)]) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Silica gel 60 (for column chromatography), 3-phenyl propionic acid (99%), 5α-cholestane (97%), cholesterol (> 99%) and stearic acid (99%) were ordered from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Dichloromethane (99.8%), mEthanol (HPLC gradient grade) and n-hexane (HPLC gradient grade) were purchased from Th. Geyer (Renningen, Germany). Ethanol (distilled before use, 7.4% water content), sodium chloride (99%), pyridine (99%) and sulphuric acid (96%) were obtained from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Tripalmitin (95%, containing traces of dipalmitoylglycerol), cholesteryl stearate (97%) and elaidic acid (99%) were from Fluka (Taufkirchen, Germany). Palmitic acid (98%) was purchased from Riedel de Häen (Seelze, Germany). 8-Phenyl octanoic acid (97%) and n-hexanol (99%) were from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Kandel, Germany). The trimethylsilylating reagent SILYL-991 was ordered from Macherey–Nagel (Düren, Germany). Nitrogen and helium 5.0 quality originated from Westfalen company (Münster, Germany). Dihydrolanosterol [19 ] and α-tocopherol [23 (link)] were isolated autonomously with CCC. Demineralised water was obtained through the in-house supply (Hohenheim, Germany).
6
Analytical Standards for Metabolite Analysis
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Deionised water (milliQ, Millipore) was used in all experiments. Chlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 95 %), caffeic acid (3,4dihydroxycinnamic acid, > 99 %), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (99 %), 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl propionic acid (98 %), 3-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (99%), 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (99%), 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (99 %), and 3-phenylpropionic acid (98 %), used as standards of fermentation metabolites, were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Methanol Chromasolve ® HPLC grade, pepsin (P-7000, from porcine stomach mucosa, 800-2500 U/mg protein), bile salt (B-8631, porcine), pancreatin (76 190, from hog pancreas, 149 USP U/mg amylase), sodium dihydrogen phosphate anhydrous (NaH 2 PO 4 ), disodium phosphate dihydrate (Na 2 HPO 4 × 2H 2 O), sodium thioglycolate broth, L-cysteine, resazurine sodium salt, glycerol suitable for culture were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Hydrochloric acid (HCl, 32 %), dimethylsulfoxide, ortho-phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 , 85%), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ethanol were obtained from Merck. All chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade. Tween 80 was ordered by Becton Dickinson. WCB 6 and agar WCA 6 were obtained from ThermoFischer Scientific.
7
Comprehensive Reagent Specification for Research
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Naringenin, naproxen, phloroglucinol, 3-phenylpropionic acid, (4-hydroxyphenyl) acetic acid, hippuric acid, quinic acid, rifaximin, phenol red, casein from bovine milk, L-cystine hydrochloride monohydrate, D,L-methionine, choline chloride and dextrin from maize starch were provided by Sigma-Aldrich; Naringenin-4-O-glucuronide (NAR-GLU) and Naringenin-7-O-glucuronide (NAR-GLU) were from Cayman Chemical Company; 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid was from Extrasynthese; Hegsted salt mixture and Vitamin Diet Fortification Mixture were purchased from Group Taper; span 20 (Sorbitan monolaurate) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose from Fagron; and refined maize oil, saccharine and saccharose were purchased from a supermarket. Reagents, ZnCl 2 , NaCl, sodium monohydrogen phosphate dehydrate, anhydrous disodium hydrogen phosphate, orthophosphoric acid and NaOH for analysis were provided by Panreac Quı ´mica; and ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile and formic acid were purchased from Scharlau Chemie, S.A.
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