Using local anesthesia, the TACE procedures were carried out under fluoroscopic guidance. The right femoral artery was punctured. The tumor blood supply arteries were confirmed via angiography using a 5F catheter (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan). A roadmap was established based on the intraoperative angiography. Then, the 2.7F micro-catheter (Terumo) was inserted via the 5F catheter and placed into the segmental or subsegmental hepatic arteries supplying blood to the tumors under the guidance of the roadmap. TACE was performed with the mixture of 5-fluorouracil (150 mg), mitomycin C (10 mg), epirubicin (50 mg), and lipiodol (10–20 ml). A gelatin sponge was employed initially to embolize the arteriovenous fistula, in cases where it was present. After TACE, angiography was carried out again to confirm whether there was residual tumor staining.
5f catheter
Manufactured by Terumo
Sourced in Japan
The 5F catheter is a medical device designed for use in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. It is a thin, flexible tube with a diameter of 5 French (approximately 1.67 millimeters) that can be inserted into blood vessels or other body cavities to facilitate the delivery of fluids, medications, or the passage of other instruments. The core function of the 5F catheter is to provide a means of accessing and manipulating the internal structures of the body for medical purposes.
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4 protocols using 5f catheter
1
Transarterial Chemoembolization for Liver Tumors
2
Ischemic Stroke Model in Beagles
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All animal care and experimental procedures were performed in accordance with regulations specified by the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NIH Publication No. 85–23, revised 1996) and the protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Nanjing Medical University.
A total of 12 male beagles (13–15 kg; Laboratory Animal Center of Nanjing Medical University) were anesthetized by intravenous injection with 3 ml/kg pentobarbital (Pentobarbital Sodium Salt; Chemical Reagent Company, Shanghai, China). Detailed procedures were described in our previous studies (18 (link)–20 (link)). In brief, two autologous clots (1.4 and 1.7 mm in diameter and 5 mm in length) were injected into the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). Then, after the occlusion of MCA was confirmed by angiography (Axiom Artis; Siemens AG, München, Germany), a 5-F catheter (Terumo Medical Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was guided 2 cm distally to the orifice of the ipsilateral internal cerebral artery (ICA) to block the blood flow for 2 h. After successful embolization, animals were transported to the MR imaging suite for MR scanning.
A total of 12 male beagles (13–15 kg; Laboratory Animal Center of Nanjing Medical University) were anesthetized by intravenous injection with 3 ml/kg pentobarbital (Pentobarbital Sodium Salt; Chemical Reagent Company, Shanghai, China). Detailed procedures were described in our previous studies (18 (link)–20 (link)). In brief, two autologous clots (1.4 and 1.7 mm in diameter and 5 mm in length) were injected into the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). Then, after the occlusion of MCA was confirmed by angiography (Axiom Artis; Siemens AG, München, Germany), a 5-F catheter (Terumo Medical Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was guided 2 cm distally to the orifice of the ipsilateral internal cerebral artery (ICA) to block the blood flow for 2 h. After successful embolization, animals were transported to the MR imaging suite for MR scanning.
3
Hepatic Artery DEB-TACE Protocol
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The right femoral artery was punctured after local anesthesia, and a 5F catheter (Terumo, Japan) was introduced for catheterization and angiography of the hepatic artery to show tumor staining and its feeding vessels. A 2.7F microcatheter (Progreat, Terumo, Japan) was introduced for super selection of the tumor-feeding arteries. Raltitrexed (4 mg) was preloaded with CB (Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co. Ltd., Jiangsu, China) for 30 minutes and then mixed with iodixanol at a ratio of 1 : 1. Oxaliplatin (50–100 mg) or lobaplatin (20–40 mg) was infused into the tumor-feeding arteries. Only one bottle of raltitrexed-loaded CB (100–300 μm or 300–500 μm) was used for each DEB-TACE procedure; polyvinyl alcohol particles (Merit, American), gelatin sponge particles, or iodized oil (5–20 mL, GUERBET, France) were used if insufficient (Figures 2(a) –2(c) ).
4
Transarterial Chemoembolization for Liver Tumors
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All TACE treatments were performed by two interventional radiologists. Under local anesthesia, the right femoral artery was punctured using a modified Seldinger technique. An arteriogram was carried out through a 5-F catheter (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) to confirm portal vein patency and detect arterial supply to tumors. When applicable, a microcatheter was inserted into the blood-supply artery of the carcinoma to inject a mixture of doxorubicin (Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA) and lipiodol (Guerbet, Villepinte, France), followed by embolization using embolic materials, such as gelfoam or polyvinyl alcohol particles. The blood flow was monitored until complete vessel occlusion and flow wholly ceased. If the lesion is not completely necrotic and the active portion exceeds 50% of the baseline value, repeat embolization is required.
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