Trifluoroacetic acid

All culture media and components were purchased from BD Biosciences (Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade acetonitrile, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and water were purchased from Mallinckrodt Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). Isopropyl-β-d-1-thiogalactoside (IPTG) was purchased from GeneChem, Inc. (Daejeon, Republic of Korea). SAM and flavonoids were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All chemicals were of high-grade quality and purchased from commercially available sources.

98% Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), (3-Glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPTMS), ethylenediamine (EDA), 98% Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), mannose, fucose, glucose, galactose, xylose, McCoy’5A medium and thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich; 99.9% Europium (III) chloride hexahydrate (EuCl₃·6H₂O) and 99.9% Gadolinium (III) chloride hexahydrate (GdCl₃·6H₂O) were purchased from Alfa Aesar; Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Ethanol (C₂H₅OH), calcium chloride (CaCl₂), barium chloride (BaCl₂), gelatin, hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), methanol (CH₃OH), chloroform (CHCl₃), acetonitrile (ACN), sodium nitrate (NaNO₃), sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na₂HPO₄), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO4) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from J.T. Baker; potassium chloride (KCl) were purchased from Mallinckrodt Chemical; minimum essential medium (MEM) were purchased from Biowes; fetal bovine serum (FBS), non-essential amino acids (NEAA), antibiotic–antimycotic (AA) and trypsin were purchased Gibco; mouse fibroblasts cell (L929) and human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116) were purchased ATCC; Sargassum aquifolium from Kenting-Chuanfan Rock.

The following chemicals were used: HPLC grade acetonitrile, methanol, and water (Merck, KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany); trifluoroacetic acid (Mallinckrodt Inc., Phillispburg, NJ, USA); orthophthalaldehyde, n-hexane, ethyl-acetate, and methanol (Merck, Naucalpan de Juárez, México state, Mexico); Rutin, Quercitrin, Kaempherol, Quercetin, para-hidroxyphenyl acetic acid, 3,4-dihydrophenylacetic acid, and meta-hydroxiphenyl acetic acid (m-HPAA) (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA).