Allura red ac

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Allura Red AC is a synthetic food coloring and food dye produced by Merck Group. It is a red azo dye that is commonly used as a coloring agent in various food and beverage products, as well as in some pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.

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Allura Red (10 citations) Allura Red AC dye (3 citations)

16 protocols using allura red ac

Cultivation and Fluorescence Quantification of P. aeruginosa

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Before each experiment, bacteria were cultivated in 6 ml of M9 medium complemented with 0.4% glucose and 200 μg/ml Carbenicillin (all from Merc-Sigma, Israel) in 18 mm glass test tubes for 18 h at 37°C, shaking at 120 round per minute (RPM).
Bacteria were collected by centrifugation (5000 g, 1 min, 25°C), washed twice in DPBS without calcium and magnesium, and re-suspended in DPBS (as above), diluted to OD_600nm = 0.1 (measured in 100 µl/well in a 96-well plate), and supplemented with 1.6 mg/ml Allura-red AC dye from a stock solution of 100 mg/ml (Dye bought from Sigma, Israel; National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem Compound Summary for CID 33258, Allura Red AC. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Allura-Red-AC. Accessed July 31, 2023) [8 (link)]. For total fluorescence quantification, P. aeruginosa was diluted to OD_600nm = 0.05 with DPBS as measured for 100 µl/well in a 96-well plate (equivalent to 0.15 in 1 cm cuvette), fluorescence was measured, and results were used to normalize adhesion results.

Shteindel N., Gutman D., Atzmon G, & Gerchman Y. (2023). Quantification of bacterial adhesion to tissue in high-throughput kinetics. Biology Methods & Protocols, 8(1), bpad014.

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HUVEC Bioink for 3D Printing

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HUVECs (Promocell) were cultured in EndoGRO-VEGF medium (Millipore). For the bio-ink we used 10⁶ HUVECs per ml suspended in Basal medium (EndoGRO, Millipore), supplemented with fibrinogen (13.24 µM) (F8630-5G; Sigma-Aldrich) and aprotinin (7.68 µM) (10820–25MG; Sigma-Aldrich) that facilitated the gelation processes post printing. A red food dye, Allura red AC (458848-100G, Sigma-Aldrich), was also added to a final concentration of 10 mΜ to enhance light absorption by the bio-ink.

Ebrahimi Orimi H., Hosseini Kolkooh S.S., Hooker E., Narayanswamy S., Larrivée B, & Boutopoulos C. (2020). Drop-on-demand cell bioprinting via Laser Induced Side Transfer (LIST). Scientific Reports, 10, 9730.

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Labelled Bee Feed with LiCl

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For the syrup, we used Apiinvert® (saccharose, fructose and glucose, Suedzucker Group^©) and mixed it with the respective amount of lithium chloride (> 99.9%, p.a., ultra-quality, Roth®) to reach a 25 mM concentration (1.06 g LiCl-salt per liter). We added food coloring (“Tannengrün”, Städter®) to the syrup, which dyed it green, so we could identify where the syrup was stored in the combs. Such food coloring has no negative impact on honey bees or honey bee brood (Ehrenberg et al. 2019 (link)).
The candy was made from powdered sugar (Suedzucker Group^©) and honey harvested during summer nectar flows, mixed in the ratio of 2:1. Additionally, a concentration of 50 mM LiCl and red food coloring (Allura Red AC, Sigma-Aldrich®) was added into the mixture. To reach this concentration, we used 1.57 g LiCl-salt dissolved in water for 1 kg of candy. This was mixed until the food coloring was evenly distributed using a commercial dough mixer (ITR50 2 V “Evo”, Prismafood DE). To determine the exact amount of LiCl used per colony, food consumption was measured by weighing the remains of the applied food upon removal.

Rein C., Blumenschein M., Traynor K, & Rosenkranz P. (2023). Lithium chloride treatments in free flying honey bee colonies: efficacy, brood survival, and within-colony distribution. Parasitology Research, 123(1), 67.

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Simulated Nasal Mucus Preparation

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Various types of dyes including allura red AC, methylene blue, alcian blue GX, congo red and crystal violet were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA). Nano Silica TLC plates, Cellulose Plastic TLC plates, and Cellulose Aluminum TLC plates were all sourced from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA). The microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) was sourced internally from Merck MSD (Rahway, New Jersey, USA).
For the preparation of healthy simulated nasal mucus, porcine mucin type II, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride were all sourced from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA) and the calcium chloride dihydrate was sourced from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, New Jersey, USA).
For diseased simulated nasal mucus, locust bean gum (LBG), saline solution, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were sourced from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA), Bio-world (Dublin, Ohio, USA), and Invitrogen (Carlsbad, California, USA), respectively.

Masiuk T., Kadakia P, & Wang Z. (2016). Development of a physiologically relevant dripping analytical method using simulated nasal mucus for nasal spray formulation analysis. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 6(5), 283-291.

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Comparative Evaluation of µPAD Substrates

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Five different types of paper that are commonly used for µPADs, were selected for the experiments: Whatman 1 Chr chromatography paper (1 Chr), Whatman 3MM Chr chromatography paper (3MM Chr), Whatman regenerated cellulose membrane 55 of 0.45 µm pore size (RC-55) and Whatman filter paper grade 50 (FP-50) were purchased from VWR International (Mississauga, ON, Canada) and Amershan Protran 0.45 nitrocellulose membrane (NC) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Mississauga, ON, Canada); all these types of paper are manufactured by GE healthcare. The thicknesses of 3MM Chr, 1 Chr, FP-50, RC-55 and NC paper type are 340 µm, 180 µm, 115 µm, 75 µm and 135 µm respectively. Allura Red AC (dye content 80%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Oakville, ON, Canada). Aluminum foil (Handi-foil Corp., Wheeling, IL, USA) and polystyrene petri dishes were purchased from UOIT central stores, Oshawa, Ontario. A roll of positionable mounting adhesive film 568 by 3M^TM (Maplewood, MN, USA) was purchased from Amazon.ca. All the dye solutions were prepared using distilled water and Allura Red dye.

Mahmud M.A., Blondeel E.J., Kaddoura M, & MacDonald B.D. (2018). Features in Microfluidic Paper-Based Devices Made by Laser Cutting: How Small Can They Be?. Micromachines, 9(5), 220.

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Characterization of Food Dyes and Preservatives

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All test compounds were obtained commercially (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis,
MO), namely allura red AC (#458848), brilliant blue FCF
(#80717), tartrazine (#86310), butylated hydroxyanisole
(#B1253), sodium metabisulfite (#08982), and methylparaben
(#PHR1012). The chemical structures of the test compounds are shown in
Fig. 1A. The first four compounds were
dissolved in water and the latter two compounds were dissolved in dimethyl
sulfoxide (DMSO) at 100 mM as stocks and stored at −20°C.

Yuan C.J, & Marikawa Y. (2017). Developmental toxicity assessment of common excipients using a stem cell-based in vitro morphogenesis model. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 109(Pt 1), 376-385.

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Paper-based RT-RPA Feasibility Designs

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Three designs were considered to demonstrate the feasibility of RT-RPA on paper: individual paper spots and two multilayered geometry. A single deposit area was obtained by a rectangular shape: length 5 mm and width 3 mm. Three rectangles spaced by 2 mm fit the linear camera field. A first multilayered geometry consists in a paper strip that can dip into water. Water flows are distributed towards three areas: sample testing, positive and negative controls. A second multilayered geometry can perform three simultaneous RNA tests and their respective positive and negative controls. Water is pumped through a paper strip at the bottom layer. The following layer enables to distribute the flow towards six controls outlets and to the sample inlet. The sample can be brought from the top of the device, in the middle inlet. It is then distributed towards three outlets. Experiments with dyes enable to visualize the flow: no mixing between all outlets and the sample trajectory. Fluorescein dye is purchased from Reactifs RAL and used at 10⁻³ g/mL concentration. Brilliant Blue G and Allura Red AC used at 10⁻³ g/mL are purchased from Sigma Aldrich.

Magro L., Jacquelin B., Escadafal C., Garneret P., Kwasiborski A., Manuguerra J.C., Monti F., Sakuntabhai A., Vanhomwegen J., Lafaye P, & Tabeling P. (2017). Paper-based RNA detection and multiplexed analysis for Ebola virus diagnostics. Scientific Reports, 7, 1347.

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Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test Development

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Whatman 1. Chromatography paper and Whatman gel blotting paper, Grade GB003 (20 x 20 cm), Bovine Serum Albumin bio-conjugated Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (BSA-FITC), Allura Red AC, phosphate buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4), Tris buffered saline (10X), Potassium periodate, acetylcholine, methacholine, and Allura AC Red eye solution were all purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, MO). The water used in all experiment was obtained from Milli-Q system with resistivity greater than 18.2 MΩ water from a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Billerica, MA). Sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate were purchased from Fisher Scientific Co. (Hampton, NH, USA). Recombinant P. falciparum Histidine-rich protein II (His tag, ab227569) was purchased from Abcam, Inc (Cambridge, MS, USA), The anti-Malaria PfHRP2 IgG monoclonal antibody (ABMAL-0444, Clone 44) and the anti-Malaria PfHRP2 IgG monoclonal antibody (ABMAL-0445, Clone 45) were purchased from Arista Biologicals Inc. (Allentown, PA, USA) and used for capture antibody and detection antibody, respectively. Amicon Ultra 0.5 mL Centrifugal Filters, 100 Ka was purchased from Millipore Sigma (Burlington, MA, USA). Micro G-25 Spin Columns were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).

Jackson S., Lee S, & Badu-Tawiah A.K. (2022). Automated Immunoassay Performed on 3D Microfluidic Paper-Based Device for Malaria Detection by Ambient Mass Spectrometry. Analytical chemistry, 94(12), 5132-5139.

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Spectral Characterization of Food Dyes

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Quencher dyes Allura Red AC, Amaranth, Carmine, Brilliant Black BN (Sigma Aldrich), and Ponceau 4R (pillar box red food dye) (Queen Australia) were diluted in water to the maximum concentration required to be within detection range (250–1000 μM). Their absorbance spectra were measured with a NanoDrop^TM ND1000 (ThermoFisher Scientific) UV-Vis spectrophotometer and plotted vs UV-Vis spectrum wavelength using GraphPad Prism 6.0.

Tay B., Stewart T.A., Davis F.M., Deuis J.R, & Vetter I. (2019). Development of a high-throughput fluorescent no-wash sodium influx assay. PLoS ONE, 14(3), e0213751.

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Determination of Allura Red AC in Energy Drinks

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Allura Red AC was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Reagent grade CH₃COOH, H₃PO₄, triethylamine and gradient grade acetonitrile were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, USA. NaOH and H₃BO₃ produced by Riedel-de-Haën, Germany were used. All solutions, which were used for spectrophotometric and chromatographic analysis, were prepared by ultrapure water, obtained by Milli-Q Gradient A10 Millipore Purification System (Merck Millipore, USA). Commercial energy drink sample (Burn Energy Drink) was produced by the Coca Cola Company and obtained from a local market in Ankara, Turkey. The energy drink sample was stored at room temperature.

Dinç E., Ünal N, & Ertekin Z.C. (2021). Three-way analysis-based pH-UV-Vis spectroscopy for quantifying allura red in an energy drink and determining colorant’s pKa. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 29(1), 76-86.

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