Mc190 hd

Following the measurements in the dark field scanner, adapted arthrocentesis was performed. In order to obtain as much sample material as possible the joints were opened with a section knife. Imprints were made from the opened joints and the surrounding soft tissue and examined under the microscope (Aristoplan, Leica, Germany) by a veterinarian for the presence of needle-shaped crystals. Images were taken with a camera (Leica MC 190 HD, Leica, Germany) and edited with the Leica Application Suite program.

A total of 37 samples were taken during two days sampling from intertidal sand in the island of Sylt, Germany. Samples were obtained by digging on the substrate with a 10 cm long shovel. The substrate was kept in zip bags and stored in fridges at 4ºC.
Sampling sites were the beach besides List Harbour (55.015337N, 8.435999E) and the beach in front of Alfred-Wegener-Institute building (55.023745, 8.439049), always during low tide. The collected sediment samples were all coarse sand enriched with variable amounts of organic material. Meiofauna was separated from the sediment using the MgCl₂ decantation method [18 ].
Flatworms were morphologically identified under Leica S APO stereomicroscope and Leica DM 2500 microscope and photographed (stylets) under a portable Leica MC 190 HD attached camera (Fig. 2).Fig. 2

Close−up picture of the copulatory organs, stylets belonging to the identified species from Sylt. Pharynx rosulatus (p), stylet (st), testis (t), vesicula seminaris (sv), prostate vesicle (pv), genital atrium (ga), glandular organ (gl), copulatory organ (co). A. Marirhynchus longasaeta; B. Mariplanella frisia; C. Carcharodorhynchus listensis; D. Proschizorhynchus gullmarensis; E. Psammorhynchus tubulipenis; F. Cystiplana paradoxa; G. Schizorhynchoides aculeatus; H. Schizochilus caecus; I. Haloplanella longatuba. J. Lonchoplanella axi

Light microscopy was used to identify species and as a complementary method of documentation. In cases where it was impossible to obtain images of acceptable quality in SEM, mostly due to badly fixed specimens, figures were implemented with images from light microscopy (LSM). The focus-stacked photographs were obtained using Leica DM 3000 upright light microscope with Leica MC 190 HD digital camera and Leica Application Suite 4.12.0 software (Leica Camera AG, Wetzlar, Germany). The figures were prepared using Adobe Photoshop CS6 graphic editor.

The samples were processed (cleaned of organic material) for microscope examination using 10% hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 30% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Permanent slides were prepared using the Mounting Medium Naphrax. These slides were examined and the specimens photographed, using a Leica DM3000 light microscope (LM) and a Leica MC190 HD digital camera. The holotype slides are deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom (BM) and isotype slides are kept in the Herbarium of Jishou University, Hunan, People’s Republic of China (JIU).
Samples were further examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Several drops of the selected cleaned diatom material were air-dried on to glass coverslips. Coverslips were attached to aluminium stubs using double-sided conductive carbon strip and sputter-coated with platinum (Cressington Sputter Coater 108auto, Ted Pella, Inc.). Samples were examined and imaged using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) Sigma HD (Carl Zeiss Microscopy) available at Huaihua University, China.
Diatom terminology largely follows Ross et al. (1979) , Paddock and Sims (1981) and Round et al. (1990) , specifically for species in Entomoneis, Osada and Kobayasi (1985 , 1990a ) were followed. We have proposed two types of hymenes, hymen strip and hymen strip region for Entomoneis (see below section Discussion, Fig. 14).

Images to assess cell morphology were taken with a Nikon Eclipse TS100 light microscope using a Leica MC190 HD digital microscope camera using ×10 magnification. Scale bars were calibrated and attached using Fiji software (v.1.53c) [44 (link)].