Penicillin G sodium salt (1,550 U/mg) and other beta-lactams were from Solarbio Life Sciences (Beijing, China) and Yuanye Biotechnology Ltd. (Shanghai, China), respectively. Icatibant was from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). S-2302™ was from Chromogenix (Milano, Italy). BK ELISA kit was from DS Pharma Biomedical Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Kaolin, dextran sulfate sodium salt (DS; Mr ~ 500,000), propranolol, triprolidine, SB290157 and CV3988 were from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, German). PMX53 and pertussis toxin (PTX) were from GL Biochem Ltd. (Shanghai, China) and Enzo Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY, USA), respectively. Citrate-anticoagulant standard human plasma and FXII-depleted plasma were from Boatman Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Antibodies for human FXII and transferrin were from GeneTex Inc. (San Antonio, TX, USA). Shrimp tropomyosin (ST) and its IgE monoclonal antibody (mAb) were prepared as we previously described23 (link). Human plasma was obtained from eight healthy volunteers.
Triprolidine
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Triprolidine is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a chemical compound used for various laboratory applications. The core function of Triprolidine is to serve as a reagent or analytical tool in scientific research and experimentation. However, a detailed and unbiased description of its specific applications is not available at this time.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sb290157, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Cv3988, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Propranolol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Pmx53, by GL Biochem (2 mentions)
Abt 491, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Penicillin g sodium salt, by Solarbio (1 mentions)
Icatibant, by MedChemExpress (1 mentions)
S 2302, by Werfen (1 mentions)
Zileuton, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
C48 80, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pmx53, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
4 methylumbelliferyl n acetyl β d glucosaminide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Human c3a elisa kit, by BD (1 mentions)
Normal human serum, by Solarbio (1 mentions)
Benefix, by Pfizer (1 mentions)
Globulin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cimetidine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Compound 48 80 c48 80, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Protein g plus agarose, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions)
Human c5a elisa kit, by BD (1 mentions)
7 protocols using triprolidine
1
Bradykinin-Induced Plasma Coagulation Assay
2
Cytokine and Lipid Mediator Quantification
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Culture supernatants were used to measure the production of eotaxin-1, eotaxin-3, regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), LTC4, and TNF-α using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocol from R&D Systems Inc., Cayman Chemical Co. (Ann Arbor, MI, USA), and BD Bioscience (San Jose, CA, USA), according to the manufacturer's instructions. The absorbance was measured at 450 nm using a microplate reader. triprolidine is an antagonist of the histamine H1 receptor. In a previous study, our laboratory confirmed that it is also effective in inhibiting the production of TNF-α [11 (link)]. Zileuton (Sigma-Aldrich) and triprolidine (Sigma-Aldrich) were used as positive controls for LTC4 and TNF-α, respectively [9 (link),10 (link)].
3
Characterization of QKLI Components
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Commercial QKLI (Batch nos. 16020204, 16020205, and 16020206) and its eight raw materials were provided by Yisheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Ji’an, Jilin, China) and authenticated by the Quality Controller Guilan Ding according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (State Pharmacopoeia Committee, 2015 ). Four intermediate fractions in QKLI (F1, the extract of powdered buffalo horn and margaritifera concha; F2, the extract of Gardeniae Fructus; F3, the extract of Isatidis Radix; F4, the extract of Lonicerae japonicae Flos) were prepared according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (State Pharmacopoeia Committee, 2015 ). The used QKLI in this study is the mixture of three batches products. C48/80, 4-Methylumbelliferyl N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide, propranolol, triprolidine, CV3988, and SB290157 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). PMX53 was from TOCRIS Bioscience (Bristol, UK). Rehydragel® aluminum adjuvant was from General Chemical (Parsippany, NJ, USA). Mouse total IgE (tIgE) ELISA kit was from Biolegend Co. (San Diego, CA, USA). Human C3a ELISA kit was from BD Biosciences (San Diego, CA, USA). Shrimp tropomyosin (ST) from Metapenaeus ensis was prepared as we previously described (Gao et al., 2017 (link)). Normal human serum was obtained from Solarbio life sciences Co. (Beijing, China).
4
Hemophilia FIX Inhibitor Prevention
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The animals received 10−5 to 1 IU FIX (Benefix, Pfizer) or 0.01 to 1 IU FIX-Fc (Alprolix, Sanofi) intradermally (ID) in the groin area twice per week for 4 weeks and continued throughout at the same frequency after initiation of intraperitoneal (IP) and i.v. administration of 1 IU FIX (Benefix, Pfizer) ±50 μg triprolidine (antihistamine; Sigma) and 10 μg ABT-491 (platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist; Sigma) in the tail vein once per week for 5 to 6 weeks (1 IP followed by 4 or 5 i.v. injections). IP administration before continuing with i.v. injections ensured more consistent inhibitor formation in the control groups with lower nonresponse rates. triprolidine and ABT-491 were coinjected to prevent anaphylaxis-related mortality.
5
Preparation and Characterization of SHLI Fractions
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SHLI and its two intermediate fractions (F1, the extract of Scutellariae Radix; F2, the extract of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Fructus Forsythiae) were prepared by Duoduo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China) according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia1 . Compound 48/80 (C48/80), propranolol, CV3988, triprolidine, globulins, cimetidine, and SB290157 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). PMX53 was from GL Biochem Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Mouse tIgE ELISA kit was from Biolegend Co. (San Diego, CA, USA). Rehydragel® aluminum adjuvant was from General Chemical (Parsippany, NJ, USA). Anti-human CD54-allophycocyanin (APC) antibody and its REA control-APC were from Miltenyi Biotec. (Bergisch Gladbach, German). Human C5a ELISA kit, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated mouse anti-human CD86 antibody and its isotype control were from BD Biosciences (San Diego, CA, USA). Gentamicin, ampicillin, 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-ethanol, and fradiomycin were from TCI Chemicals (Tokyo, Japan). Vancomycin was obtained from BBI Life Sciences Corporation (Shanghai, China). The mouse mast cell protease 1 (MMCP1) ELISA kit was from Invitrogen (San Diego, CA, USA). Protein G PLUS-Agarose was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (SantaCruz, CA, USA).
6
Anaphylaxis Pathway Determination in Mice
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FT+/− female mice were challenged by IP injection of 1 mg (for allergy prophylaxis studies) or 0.5 mg of OVA (for allergy treatment studies) diluted in 200 μL of sterile PBS. Core body temperature was recorded before and 15, 30, and 45 min after OVA administration with a rectal thermometer (Physitemp Instruments, Clifton, NJ, EEUU). Phenotype following challenge was recorded using a symptom scale (Table 1 ). For anaphylaxis pathway determination, sensitized FT+/− female mice were pretreated with 150 mg of triprolidine (Sigma), 25 mg of ABT-491 (Sigma), or both 15 min before challenge with OVA. Then, mice were challenged as described above.
7
Mitigating Nanodrug Immune Toxicity
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Multiple treatments using nanodrugs with multiple moieties require an immune toxicity consideration, particularly when αPD-1 was used, due to its systemic toxicity. To prevent anaphylactic-like adverse effects, starting with the second treatment, all mice (including the control group) received 200 μg of antihistamine Triprolidine (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and 100 μg of platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist CV6209 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA) via intraperitoneal injection, as we have published [21 (link)]. Briefly, Triprolidine and CV6209 were IP-administrated 30 min and 45 min, respectively, prior to the second to sixth injections of MNPs.
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