Jem 2100f electron microscope

Morphology of PGMA and L-PGMA NPs was visualized by TEM using a JEM-2100F electron microscope (JEOL, Ltd., Japan) operated at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The samples (10 μL) for TEM were dropped on a carbon-coated copper grid (400-mesh) and air-dried for 5 min. The grid with nanoparticles was negatively stained with 2% (w/v) of phosphotungstic acid (pH 7.4) and air-dried.

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution TEM (HRTEM) were performed on the JEOL JEM-2100F electron microscope operating at 200 kV. For the TEM measurements, a drop of the nanoparticle solution was dispensed onto a 3-mm carbon-coated copper grid. Excessive solution was removed by an absorbent paper, and the sample was dried under vacuum at room temperature. An energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyzer attached to the TEM was used to analyze the chemical compositions of the synthesized nanoparticles. UV-visible spectra of the core-shell and CBS particle solutions were collected on a Hitachi U-3900 spectrophotometer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was conducted on a VG ESCALAB MKII spectrometer. Sample preparation for XPS analysis began with concentrating 5 mL of the toluene solution of the metal nanoparticles to 0.5 mL using flowing N₂. 10 mL of methanol was then added to precipitate the metal nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were then recovered by centrifugation and washed with methanol several times to remove non-specifically bound oleylamine. The nanoparticles were then dried at room temperature in vacuum.

The high-resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern was produced using a Cu Kα radiation source and a PANalytical Empyrean X-ray diffractometer at an accelerating potential of 40 kV, in the 2θ range of 10–60°. Finely powdered solid samples had been acquired for X-rays analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to assess the surface morphology and particle size of N-S@MCDs (HRTEM). TEM images were obtained on a JEOL JEM-2100F electron microscope with a 200 kV acceleration voltage. The material was drop-cast onto a copper grid that had been coated with carbon, and then the samples were allowed to dry at room temperature. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) with EDAX (Energy-dispersive X-ray) spectroscopy was done from the University of Delhi using JEOL JSM 6610LV using Tungsten electron sources at 10KV with magnification X5 to X 3,00,000 with high vacuum mode using LN2 free EDS detector. ¹H and ¹³C NMR (400 MHz for proton and 100 MHz for carbon) spectra were recorded with a JEOL spectrometer using trimethylsilane as an internal standard.

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of Gd-Au NCs were obtained using a JEM-2100F electron microscope (JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) working at 200 kV. The nanoparticles were dispersed in deionized water (DIW) and dried onto carbon-coated copper grids. Then the air-dried samples were directly observed by electron microscope. The hydrodynamic diameter analyses of the aqueous were performed on a laser light scattering system (JEM Zetasizer Nano-ZS90, Great Malvern, England, UK). UV-vis absorption and fluorescent emission spectra were measured by Cary 50 spectrophotometer (Varian, Palo Alto, CA, USA) and F-182 4500 spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan), respectively. The concentration of Gd/Au was measured with ICP-AES (P-4010, Hitachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan).