Lipids were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. A lipid mixture of 75 mol% DOPC and 25 mol% DOPS was prepared in chloroform and dried using argon gas, and rehydrating the lipid film in buffer (20 mM Hepes, pH 7.8, and 150 mM NaCl) to a final concentration of 2 mg/ml. An Avanti Mini-Extruder was used as suggested by the manufacturer. Liposomes were extruded (21×) through a Whatman membrane with 0.4-µm-pore size.
Whatman membrane
Manufactured by Cytiva
Whatman membrane is a type of filtration media used in various laboratory applications. It is designed to separate and retain specific particles or molecules from a liquid or gas sample. The membrane provides a consistent and reliable filtration performance, allowing for efficient sample preparation and analysis.
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Lab products found in correlation
4 protocols using whatman membrane
1
Liposome Preparation for Membrane Studies
2
Phytotoxicity Assessment of Compost Samples
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Phytotoxicity was evaluated according to Zucconi et al. (1981) and Paulino et al. (2006) (link) with slight modifications. Four grams of dry material from each composting phase was moisturized to 60%. Then, a volume of 50 ml of distilled water was added after 1 h, and the mixture was shaken for 2 h. The supernatant was recovered and filtered through a 0.45 μm Whatman membrane. Twenty seeds of each Lepidium sativum L. (Cress) and Brassica rapa (Turnip) were placed in petri dishes prior to the application of the filtrate. Seed germination and root elongation were evaluated. Tree replicates per sample were incubated in darkness for 48 h at ambient temperature. The germination index (GI%) was calculated with following the equation GI = [(GSs% × LRs)/(GSw% × LDw)]. Here, LRs: length of roots (mm) in the presence of the sample; GSs: number of seeds in the presence of the sample that germinated; GSw: number of seeds treated with water (control); and LDw: length of roots (mm) in seeds treated with water (control).
3
Preparation of Small Unilamellar Vesicles
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Small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) were prepared as described [58 (link)]. Egg PG and egg PC suspended in chloroform were mixed at an equimolar ratio in a round bottom flask. The chloroform was evaporated under a nitrogen stream and further dried under vacuum for 1 h. Dried lipids were suspended in PBS (10 mM phosphate buffer, 2.7 mM KCl, and 137 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), and 50 nm SUVs were prepared by extruding the suspension through a Whatman membrane. The size of the vesicles was confirmed by dynamic light scattering. Lipid vesicles were stored at 4 °C prior to use.
4
Preparation of Lipid Vesicles for Research
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Either DOPC:DOPC, 70:30 mol% (quartz) or E. coli polar lipid extract (glass; Avanti, AL, USA), initially dissolved in chloroform, were dehumidified under a gas nitrogen stream. Chloroform traces were further removed through desiccation (1 h). Subsequently, the lipid film was hydrated with SLB-buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM KCl, pH 7.5) to a final lipid concentration of 4 mg/ml−1. Then, multilamellar E.coli polar lipid extract vesicles were sonicated (10 min) to obtain small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs). In contrast, a freeze-thaw protocol (8 cycles) with successive extrusion (37 ×, 50 nm Whatman membrane) was used to obtain DOPC:DOPG SUVs30 (link).
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