Sodium meta arsenite

3-Nitro-L-tyrosine, L-tyrosine (≥98%), mercury nitrate monohydrate (≥98.5%), lead nitrate (≥99%), cadmium acetate dihydrate (98%), copper chloride (≥99%), calcium chloride (≥93%), magnesium sulfate (≥99.5%), zinc chloride (≥98%), nickel chloride hexahydrate (≥98%), manganese chloride tetrahydrate (≥98%), iron(III) chloride (97%), chromium chloride hexahydrate (96%), sodium (meta)arsenite (≥90%), and tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP, ≥99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI, USA). Ultrapure water (UPW) with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ·cm was obtained from a PURELAB Option-Q water-purification system (High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, UK).

Procedures were performed in accordance with the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). Adult wild-type (WT; AB, Tab14 and TAB5) and Tg(fabp10a:nls-mCherry^mss4Tg) (Mudbhary et al., 2014 (link)) fish were maintained on a 14:10 light:dark cycle at 28°C. Fertilized embryos from natural spawning of group matings were collected and cultured in embryo water (0.6 g/l Crystal Sea Marinemix; Marine Enterprises International, Baltimore, MD) containing Methylene Blue at 28°C. Embryos were treated with sodium (meta)arsenite (Sigma, S7400) beginning at 4 h post fertilization (hpf). sodium (meta)arsenite and/or ethanol were diluted from stock solutions in 10 ml of embryo water. After addition of exposure medium, 35-mm dishes were sealed with Parafilm and returned to the incubator. Medium was not replaced during the exposure period unless otherwise noted. For co-exposures, sodium (meta)arsenite was removed and replaced with embryo water containing sodium (meta)arsenite and tunicamycin at 72 hpf or sodium (meta)arsenite and ethanol at 96 hpf at the indicated concentrations. Images of anesthetized larvae were taken by mounting in 3% methyl cellulose using a Nikon SMZ1500 stereomicroscope.

CoQ₁₀powder (98%), sodium meta-arsenite (Trivalent-inorganic arsenic) and Meso-2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid (98%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, MO). CoQ₁₀was prepared by dissolving it in olive oil solution. On the other hand sodium meta-arsenite and Meso-2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid were prepared by dissolving them in deionized water.

Culture media (Dulbecco’s modification of Eagle’s medium [DMEM], Ham’s F-12 50/50 mix), and TRI reagent were from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Penicillin/streptomycin and heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum were purchased from GIBCO (Budapest, Hungary). Cytosine β-D-arabinofuranoside (CAS: 147-94-4), 17β-estradiol (MDL number MFCD00133134; CAS: 50-28-2), 3,3′,5-triiodo-l-thyronine (purity: 96%; CAS: 6893-02-3), zearalenone (purity: ≥99%; CAS: 17924-92-4), bisphenol A (purity: ≥99%; CAS: 80-05-7), and sodium (meta)arsenite (purity: ≥90%; CAS: 7784-46-5) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Budapest, Hungary). Bicinchoninic acid (BCA) kit from Pierce (Rockford, IL 61111, USA).

All the solutions were prepared with analytical grade chemicals and Milli-Q water (MQW) (resistivity > 18 MΩ cm, Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
A 7.9 mmol L⁻¹ (1.0 g L⁻¹) iodide solution was prepared from the 0.10 mol L⁻¹ iodide stock solution (sodium iodide) acquired from Hanna instruments (HI 4011-01, Hanna Instruments, Woonsocket, RI, USA). The working solutions were prepared daily, within a range of 0.20–4.0 µmol L⁻¹ (0.20, 0.40, 0.80, 2.0, and 4.0 µmol L⁻¹) of iodide.
A cerium solution containing 1.85 mmol L⁻¹ Ce(IV) and an arsenious solution containing 100 mmol L⁻¹ As(III) and 0.43 mol L⁻¹ NaCl (Ce(IV) and As(III) solutions) were prepared in 1 mol L⁻¹ H₂SO₄ from appropriate amounts of ammonium cerium(IV) sulphate dihydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany), sodium (meta)arsenite (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), and sodium chloride (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and a sulphuric acid stock solution, respectively.
The sulphuric acid solution, 1 mol L⁻¹, was prepared by dilution of the concentrated acid (d = 1.84, 95–97%, Fluka, Taufkirchen, Germany) in MQW.
An oxidant solution, 0.3% of potassium peroxodisulfate, was prepared by dissolving 0.30 g of potassium peroxodisulfate (Merck, Germany) in 100 mL of 1 mol L⁻¹ of H₂SO₄.