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6 protocols using 96 well immune plate

1

Quantification of MG-H1 Formation in Ribose-Gelatin

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Ribose (30 mM) was mixed with 2 mg/mL gelatin in 200 mM NaPB in the presence of AMG (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 µM) or TBE (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 µg/mL), and incubated at 37 °C for 7 days. MG-gelatin was prepared by incubating 2 mg/mL gelatin with 100 µM MG in PBS at 37 °C for 3 days in the presence of AMG or TBE. MG-H1 formation was measured by ELISA as previously described [37 (link)]. In brief, for noncompetitive ELISA, each well of a 96-well immune plate (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was coated with 0.1 mL of the 1 µg/mL sample in PBS and blocked with 0.5% gelatin hydrolysate in PBS. The wells were incubated for 1 h with 0.1 mL of 1 µg/mL MG-H1 antibody [19 (link)]. Antibodies bound to the wells were detected using horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibody (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Then, stained with 100 μL of 500 µg/mL O-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical, Japan) in citrate-phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) containing 5.9 mM hydrogen peroxide for 3 min. The reaction was terminated with 100 μL of 1.0 M sulfuric acid, and the absorbance was measured at 492 nm using a Sunrise RAINBOW THERMO RC system (TECAN, Männedorf, Switzerland).
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2

ELISA-based SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Titer

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The antibody titer was estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) according to a previous paper [12 (link)]. Briefly, 100 µL of SARS-CoV-2 spike-receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein (adjusted as 0.1 µg/mL; purchased from AIVD Biotech Inc., Shenzhen, China) was added to a 96-well immune plate (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Roskilde, Denmark). The sera of HD patients, infected patients, and healthy, unvaccinated individuals (each diluted 1:100 with phosphate-buffered saline) were applied as test samples, a positive, and negative control, respectively. After final incubation, the goat anti-human whole IgG and immunoglobulin M (1:5,000 dilution) conjugated with alkaline phosphate in a substrate buffer containing 20 mg of p-nitrophenyl phosphate tablet (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was added. The absorbance was measured at 405 nm using an ELISA reader (EPOCH2; BioTek, Santa Clara, CA, USA).
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3

ELISA and ELISPOT Assays for Antibody Responses

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For SRBC immunization experiments, 96-well immune plates (Thermo Fisher Scientific) were coated with anti–mouse Ig(H+L) (Southern Biotech). For NP immunization experiments, plates were coated with NP9-BSA or NP25-BSA (Biosearch Technologies). Mouse serum samples were incubated for 2 h at room temperature. Standard curves were generated using mouse IgM and mouse IgG1 (Southern Biotech). Bound antibodies were detected by AP-conjugated anti–mouse IgM and anti–mouse IgG1 antibodies (Table S5). Plates were developed with p-nitrophenylphosphate (Southern Biotech) dissolved in substrate buffer. For ELISPOT analysis, the spleens and BM of NP-KLH–immunized mice were removed at the indicated time points, and single cell suspensions were subjected to hypotonic lysis. The samples were plated overnight on 96-well filtration plates (Millipore) coated with NP25-BSA (Biosearch Technologies). The cells were plated in 1:2 serial dilutions, starting at 8 × 105 cells for BM-derived samples, and at 105 cells for spleen-derived fractions. NP-specific IgG1-secreting cells were detected by AP-conjugated anti–mouse IgG1 antibody (Table S5). Plates were developed with nitro blue tetrazolium chloride-5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate (NBT/BCIP; Roche).
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4

NP-BSA Immunization Antibody Assay

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For NP-LPS and NP-Ficoll immunization experiments, 96 well immune-plates (Thermo Fisher Scientific) were coated with NP25-BSA (Biosearch Technologies). Mouse serum samples were incubated for 2h at RT. Standard curves were generated using mouse IgM and IgG3 (Southern Biotech). Bound antibodies were detected by AP-conjugated anti-mouse IgM and IgG3-antibodies (Southern Biotech). Plates were developed with p-nitrophenylphosphate (Southern Biotech) dissolved in substrate buffer.
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5

NP-BSA Immunization Antibody Assay

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For NP-LPS and NP-Ficoll immunization experiments, 96 well immune-plates (Thermo Fisher Scientific) were coated with NP25-BSA (Biosearch Technologies). Mouse serum samples were incubated for 2h at RT. Standard curves were generated using mouse IgM and IgG3 (Southern Biotech). Bound antibodies were detected by AP-conjugated anti-mouse IgM and IgG3-antibodies (Southern Biotech). Plates were developed with p-nitrophenylphosphate (Southern Biotech) dissolved in substrate buffer.
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6

TLR4-SP-A Binding Assay Protocol

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The binding assay procedures have been described previously40 (link). 500 ng recombinant human TLR4 (hTLR4) (Sino Biological Inc., Beijing, China) was coated onto 96-well immune plates (Thermo Fisher scientific), and nonspecific binding was blocked with 10 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.4) containing 0.15 M NaCl, 5 mM CaCl2, and 2% fatty acid-free BSA (buffer A). 5 μg SP-A in buffer A were added and incubated at 37 °C for 5 h. The wells were washed and then incubated with anti-human SP-A polyclonal antibody followed by HRP-labeled anti-rabbit IgG in PBS containing 2% fatty acid-free BSA. The binding of hSP-A to the plates was detected using a TMB Substrate Reagent Set (BD Biosciences). The absorbance intensity of each well was measured at 450 nm.
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