Egm growth medium

Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) were obtained from Lonza (Allendale, NJ) and used at passages 5–8. All experiments were performed in EGM growth medium (Lonza) containing 2% fetal bovine serum unless otherwise specified. Antibodies to β-actin, α and acetylated tubulin were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO); diphospho-MLC, phosphor-STAT3, NFκB, HDAC6, GEF-H1 and HRP-linked anti-mouse and anti-rabbit IgG antibodies were from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA). N-acetyl cysteine was from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Texas Red phalloidin and Alexa Flour 488 conjugated secondary antibodies were obtained from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR). JAK inhibitor I (Cat# 420099), Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (Cat# 688000) and Tubastatin A (Cat# 382187) were received from EMD Millipore (Billerica, MA). All other biochemical reagents were from Sigma unless otherwise specified. Particulate matter: we used an urban PM collected from ambient air in Washington, DC (National Institute of Standards and Technology standard reference material, SRM 1649b). The characteristics of PM have been described by National Institute of Standards and Technology. (SRM 1649b: Urban Dust/Organics. US Department of Commerce: https://www-s.nist.gov/srmors/view_detail.cfm?srm=1649B). The product is stable at normal temperatures and pressure. Certificate Date: 12/17/2015. Expiration Date: 7/31/2030.