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Etoposide

Manufactured by Qilu Pharmaceutical
Sourced in China

Etoposide is a chemotherapy medication used as a laboratory reagent. It is a topoisomerase II inhibitor, which means it interferes with the enzyme responsible for uncoiling and replicating DNA. Etoposide is commonly used in research applications to study cell division and DNA replication processes.

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3 protocols using etoposide

1

Etoposide-Carboplatin with Recombinant Endostatin

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Patients were randomly assigned to the following two treatment groups: Etoposide and carboplatin (EC) group, and EC + rh-endostatin group. The EC + rh-endostatin group received a 3-to 4-hour intravenous infusion of rhendostatin (7.5 mg/m 2 once daily, equivalent to 1.2 × 10 5 U/ m 2 of human endostatin; Shandong Simcere-Medgenn Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yantai, China) on Days 1 to 14 of each 21-day cycle. Etoposide was administered (60 mg/m 2 , Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, China) on days 1 to 5, and carboplatin (Bristol-Myers Squibb S.r.I., Sermoneta, Italy) was administered at a target area under the concentration curve of 5 mg/ml/min on day 1 of each cycle. All patients received four to six 21-day cycles. After four to six cycles, patients who did not display disease progression continued to receive rh-endostatin (7.5 mg/m 2 once daily) on days 1 to 14 of each 21-day cycle until tumor progression, unacceptable toxicity, discontinuation from study, or death.
Patients allocated to the EC group received Etoposide (60 mg/m 2 ) on days 1 to 5 and carboplatin at an area under the concentration curve of 5 mg/ml/min on day 1 of each cycle.
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2

Antibodies for Flow Cytometric Analysis of PD-1 Expression

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The following antibodies were used for flow cytometric analyses: anti-CD45-KO, anti-CD3-FITC, anti-CD4-PC5, anti-CD8-APC, anti-PD-1-PE, and PD-1 isotype. The anti-PD-1-PE and PD-1 isotype antibodies were purchased from BD Pharmingen (San Diego, CA, USA). All the other antibodies were purchased from Beckman Coulter (Brea, CA, USA). The purified mouse anti-human CD3 monoclonal Ab (anti-CD3 Ab) was purchased from BD Pharmingen. Pembrolizumab was purchased from Merck & Co. (Shanghai, China) and was used as an anti-PD-1 monoclonal Ab (anti-PD-1 Ab) in vitro. Human recombinant PD-L1 proteins were purchased from Sino Biotechnology (BDA, Beijing, China). The CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay reagent and the Cytotoxicity LDH Assay Kit were purchased from Promega (Madison, WI, USA) and Dojindo (Shanghai, China), respectively. Dicycloplatin (DCP),28 (link) albumin-bound paclitaxel, and docetaxel were purchased from Beijing Xingda Pharmaceutical Research Cooperation (Beijing, China), CSPC (Shanghai, China), and Sanofi (Hangzhou, China), respectively. Cisplatin, pemetrexed, and etoposide were all purchased from Qilu Pharmaceutical (Jinan, China).
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3

Evaluating Cytotoxic and Autophagy Modulators

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EPI (H20041211), adriamycin (ADM, H20041318), and taxol (H20059377) were purchased from the Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Taizhou, Zhejiang, China). Etoposide (H37023183) and cisplatin (H37021358) were obtained from the Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Jinan, Shandong, China). The autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ, B1793), the fluorescent dye monodansylcadaverine (MDC, 30432), Verapamil hydrochloride (V4629), ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC, P8765) and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT, M2128) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Rhodamine 123 (Rh 123, R8004) was purchased from BioSharp (Hefei, Anhui, China).
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