To identify all feeding arteries of the tumor, angiography of the celiac, hepatic, superior mesenteric, left gastric, and bilateral inferior phrenic arteries was performed using a 5-F RH catheter (Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN, USA). The target artery was catheterized with a 2.7-F microcatheter (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan). The drugs were oxaliplatin 150–200 mg, HCPT 10–20 mg, pirarubicin 10–20 mg, and lipiodol (Laboratoire Guerbet, Villepinte, France). If necessary, embolization particles such as PVA particles (Alicon, Inc., Hangzhou, China), one kind of microspheres called Embosphere (Biosphere Medical Inc., USA), or small particles of gelatin sponge were used to strengthen embolization. The embolization extent was determined according to the tumor size and patients' liver function.
2.7 f microcatheter
Manufactured by Terumo
Sourced in Japan
The 2.7-F microcatheter is a small-diameter catheter designed for accessing and navigating narrow vascular structures. It features a low profile and high flexibility to facilitate precise delivery of diagnostic or therapeutic agents.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
5 f rh catheter, by Terumo (3 mentions)
5f cobra catheter, by Terumo (2 mentions)
5 f rh catheter, by Cook Medical (1 mentions)
Lipiodol, by Guerbet (1 mentions)
4 f cobra catheter, by Terumo (1 mentions)
Pharmorubicin, by Pfizer (1 mentions)
Artis zeego, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Pentobarbital sodium, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Allura xper, by Philips (1 mentions)
5f yashiro catheter, by Terumo (1 mentions)
5f catheter, by Terumo (1 mentions)
Iodixanol, by Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine (1 mentions)
5f cobra catheter, by Cook Medical (1 mentions)
Epirubicin, by Pfizer (1 mentions)
Callispheres, by Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine (1 mentions)
Somatom emotion, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Allura xper fd20, by Philips (1 mentions)
18 protocols using 2.7 f microcatheter
1
Tumor Arterial Embolization for Treatment
2
Celiac Axis Artery Catheterization for VX2 Tumor Embolization
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As with rabbit renal arteriography, catheterization of the celiac axis artery was achieved via a 4-F Cobra catheter (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) and the VX2 tumor and its supplying artery were identified by angiography. The tumor donor artery was selectively catheterized with a 2.7-F microcatheter (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) for embolization (PGEL or lipiodol or PVA) or perfusion (saline). The angiographic embolization endpoint was complete flow stasis, defined as no contrast delivery visible in the tumoral and peritumoral vessels while maintaining patency of the feeding hepatic artery.
3
Chemoembolization and Microwave Ablation for Liver Tumors
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Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization was performed in all patients. After introduction of a 5F-RH catheter (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) through the femoral artery, hepatic artery angiography was performed and the location, number, size, and blood supply of tumors evaluated. Next, a 2.7F micro-catheter (Terumo) was super-selectively inserted into the arteries feeding the tumors and lobaplatin (50 mg) was infused, followed by slow injection of an emulsion of epirubicin (30 mg) mixed with Lipiodol (5–15 mL). Gelatin sponge particles (150–350 µm; Alicon, Hangzhou, China) were injected until the flow was static and full saturation of the feeding arteries had been achieved (16 (link)). Liver and kidney function were evaluated 10 days after TACE prior to administering MWA to patients receiving combined therapy.
4
Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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The TACE procedure began with routine disinfection, followed by towel spreading and administration of local anesthesia with 2% lidocaine. A 5-F sheath was introduced into each patient's femoral artery using the Seldinger technique (19 (link)), and a 5-F RH catheter (Terumo Corporation) was then used, through which arteriography of the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery and hepatic arteries was successively performed to collect an overview of the hepatic arterial blood supply and to evaluate the location, number and size of HCC tumors. A 2.7-F microcatheter (Terumo Corporation) was employed for superselection of the blood supply artery, and angiography confirmed that the microcatheter was accurately positioned. Once the target artery was catheterized, a 1:1 mixed suspension of iodized oil (1–10 ml; Lipiodol Ultra-Fluide; Yantai Luyin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and epirubicin (20–40 mg; Pharmorubicin; Pfizer, Inc.) was infused into the artery through the catheter, depending on liver function and tumor size. Finally, gelatin sponge particles (Gelfoam; Jiangxi Xiangen Medical Technology Development Co., Ltd.) were infused to embolize the artery until no tumor staining was found after repeated angiography. Finally, the guidewire and catheters were removed, and the femoral artery was compressed for 10 min to secure hemostasis at the puncture site.
5
Carotid Artery Angiography in Rabbits
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Similar to the CTPI subgroup, rabbits in the DSA subgroup were fixed onto the operation table in supine position. After supplemental anesthesia and skin preparation, the right main carotid artery was exposed and punctured. Depending on the group (IR-0, IR-6, IR-12, or IR-24), angiography of the lower abdominal aorta was performed to assess changes in the blood flow changes of the right hindlimb using a 2.7 F microcatheter (Terumo, Japan) through the carotid artery at 0, 6, 12, or 24 h. The DSA equipment used in this study was Artis Zeego (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). Iodixanol (320 mg/mL) was injected with a velocity of 3 mL/s through the microcatheter using a power injector. The injection pressure was 200 psi and the total dose of the contrast agent was 9 mL. The DSA acquisition frame rate was six frames per sec and each acquisition process lasted until the inferior vena cava was visualized.
6
Tumor-targeted TACE and Microwave Therapy
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TACE was carried out on 2 week after tumor implantation, and the operation process refers to our previous research [41 (link)]. Briefly, the rabbits were anesthetized by 2% pentobarbital sodium (1 mL/Kg; Sigma-Aldrich, MO). Then, a 4-F vascular arterial sheath (Cook, Bloomington, USA) was placed into the femoral artery, and then 2.7F microcatheter (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) was superselected to the left hepatic artery under the guidance of DSA angiographic unit (AlluraXper, Philips Healthcare, Nederland), which can guarantee tumor targeted embolization. Subsequently, 100 mg/Kg of the corresponding microspheres mixing with contrast agent was carefully injected into the tumor feeding artery via hyper-selective microcatheter to ensure complete embolization of the tumor. For the ADM/Fe3O4-MS (+) group, microwave intervention (25 W) was performed 24 h after TACE for 30 min, and then performed every 2 days thereafter. The microwave probe was positioned 1 cm away from the fixed animal and oriented towards the tumor during microwave therapy.
7
Transarterial Chemoembolization for Tumor Treatment
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The femoral artery was punctured using the Seldinger technique, and a 5-F Yashiro catheter (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) or a 2.7-F microcatheter (Progreat, Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) was was placed in the supply vessels of tumors. Then, 5–20 ml lipiodol and 20–60 mg epirubicin were mixed into the emulsion and slowly injected into the tumor. In this study, all enrolled patients were treated with epirubicin mixed with lipiodol. In addition, appropriate amount of gelatin sponge (100–300 μm or 300–500 μm, Alicon, Hangzhou, China) was injected to supplement embolization. Embolization was performed under fluoroscopic guidance until there was stasis of arterial flow. Hepatic artery angiography was then subsequently performed to confirm sucess of the embolization procedure. For bilobar or huge lesions, at least two TACE sessions 4–6 weeks apart were required to perform complete embolization. TACE was performed in an average of 3.3 ± 2.6 times per patient during the therapy. TACE was not considered if one of the following situations occurred: (1) Child-Pugh C stage (uncontrolled ascites, severe jaundice, significant hepatic encephalopathy, or hepatorenal syndrome); (2) ECOG scores > 2; (3) the target lesions continued to progress after three TACE sessions.
8
Chemoembolization for Tumor-Feeding Arteries
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Under local anesthesia, the right femoral artery was accessed and a 5F-Cobra catheter (Terumo, Japan) was introduced. Tumor-feeding vessels were catheterized and embolized, including bronchial arteries, internal thoracic arteries, phrenic arteries. A 2.7-F microcatheter (Progreat, Terumo, Japan) was used for super-selection of all tumor-feeding arteries. Cisplatin or carboplatin was initially infused for patients with no previous platinum-based chemotherapy. Docetaxel was infused for patients receiving non-platinum-containing regimen. Gemcitabine (0.4–1.0 g) was pre-loaded with CalliSpheres beads for 30 min, and then mixed with iodixanol (ratio 1:1) as contrast developer before embolization. CalliSpheres beads were slowly injected into the tumor-feeding vessels under fluoroscopic guidance. One vial of CalliSpheres beads embolization was used for each patient, additional embolization was performed by using polyvinyl alcohol particles (Merit, American) or gelatin sponge particles if embolization is insufficient (Figure 2D ; Figures 3C,D ; Figures 4C,E ).
9
Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Tumor Treatment
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Patients received transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) from experienced interventional radiologists (IRs). In a 5-F angiographic catheter, angiograms of celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery were performed under local anesthesia with a diagnostic angiographic catheter (RH or Yoshiro catheter; Terumo, Tokyo, Japan). An artery feeding the tumor was identified with a 2.7-F microcatheter (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) during super selective catheterization. Emulgator mixed with lipiodol (specification: 10 mg/bottle, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.China) and chemotherapy drugs were then administered. Chemotherapy drugs used in the current study included Lobaplatin (10 mg/bottle, Hainan Changan International Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.China) and Pirarubicin hydrochloride (10 mg/bottle, Hanhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.China). Chemoembolization was undertaken using iodized oil 5–20 mL mixed with Lobaplatin and Pirarubicin hydrochloride. We used the chemotherapeutic-in-oil (CiO) technique [12 (link)].Observation of tumor stain after administration of scheduled dose would necessitate use of gelatin sponge or PVA particles for embolism.
10
Transarterial Chemoembolization for Liver Tumors
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Using local anesthesia, the TACE procedures were carried out under fluoroscopic guidance. The right femoral artery was punctured. The tumor blood supply arteries were confirmed via angiography using a 5F catheter (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan). A roadmap was established based on the intraoperative angiography. Then, the 2.7F micro-catheter (Terumo) was inserted via the 5F catheter and placed into the segmental or subsegmental hepatic arteries supplying blood to the tumors under the guidance of the roadmap. TACE was performed with the mixture of 5-fluorouracil (150 mg), mitomycin C (10 mg), epirubicin (50 mg), and lipiodol (10–20 ml). A gelatin sponge was employed initially to embolize the arteriovenous fistula, in cases where it was present. After TACE, angiography was carried out again to confirm whether there was residual tumor staining.
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