Calcifediol

Almost all compounds were purchased from Selleck (Shanghai, China), including vitamin D3 (S4063), vitamin D2 (S4035), calcitriol (S1466), calcifediol (S1469), calcipotriene (S3739), doxercalciferol (S1467), lithocholic acid (S4003), lovastatin (S2061) and cholesterol (S4154). Tacalcitol (HY‐32337) was purchased from MedChemExpress (Shanghai, China). These compounds were added to the cell culture medium at the concentrations indicated, as appropriate. If not labeled, the concentrations of vitamin D3, calcifediol and calcitriol used for BNI274 were 5 μm, and for BNI423 were 2.5 μm.

Calcifediol was purchased from Selleckchem (TX, United States) and calcitriol was purchased from Cayman (MI, United States. ZK159222 was purchased from Cayman. All reagents were reconstructed and preserved in DMSO as a vehicle at −80°C, and thus DMSO was added as a blank reference in control groups. Primary mouse hepatocytes were treated with maintenance medium. Primary mouse adipocytes and C2C12 cells were treated in Advanced DMEM/F12 medium (12634010, Gibco) supplemented with 1% of P/S, 2 mM of GlutaMAX supplement, and 10 mM of HEPES.

The FDA-approved drug library was purchased from MicroSource Discovery System (CT 06755-1500). Cholecalciferol (S4063), Calcitriol (S1466), and Calcifediol (S1469) were purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA). D-Pantothenicacid (B2002) was purchased from Apexbio (Boston, TX, USA). All these drugs were prepared as stock solutions by dissolving it in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). For the treatments, the stock solution was diluted in egg water until reaching the working concentrations (5–20 µM). N-Phenylthiourea (PTU) was ordered from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and dissolved in water as a stock solution. Then, the PTU stock solution was diluted with egg water until reaching the desired working concentration (0.2 mM).