Phenyl isocyanate assay grade

Poplar (Populus trichocarpa) used in this study was harvested at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN [19 (link)]. The biomass size was reduced in a Wiley mill to pass a 1 mm screen and then sieved to collect the fractions between 0.18 and 0.85 mm. The p-dioxane used in this study was distilled over sodium borohydride prior to use. Peracetic acid solution (32 wt% in dilute acetic acid), phenyl isocyanate (assay grade), and dichloromethane (HPLC grade) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Anhydrous pyridine (EMD, Millipore) was purchased from VWR. Cellulase C1794 from Trichoderma sp. (3–10 units/mg) and β-glucosidase from almonds (10–30 units/mg) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). All the reagents and chemicals, unless otherwise noted, were used as received.

The enzyme cocktail Cellic CTec2 was obtained from Novozyme (Franklinton, NC). Direct Blue (DB) 1 (Pontamine Fast Sky Blue 6BX) and Direct Orange (DO) 15 (Pontamine Fast Orange 6RN) dyes were obtained from Pylam Products Co. Inc. (Garden City, NY). Peracetic acid solution (32 wt% in dilute acetic acid), phenyl isocyanate (assay grade), and dichloromethane (HPLC grade) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Anhydrous pyridine (EMD, Millipore) was purchased from VWR. All the reagents and chemicals, unless otherwise noted, were used as received.