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15 protocols using du 888

1

Confocal Microscopy for Live-Cell Imaging

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Imaging was performed using an inverted spinning disc confocal microscope (Nikon Ti-Eclipse) equipped with an electron-multiplying charge-coupled device camera (SN:500241; FusionFusion) and environmental control (Okolabs stage top incubator). Live-cell imaging was performed at 37°C and 5% CO2. Images acquisition was performed with a Plan Apochromat 40×, NA 0.95 air objective. For fixed samples, a Plan Apochromat 100×, NA 1.49 oil-immersion objective was used. Live-cell superresolution videos were acquired on a Nikon CSU-W1 SoRa spinning-disk confocal microscope equipped with an electron-multiplying charge-coupled device camera (DU-888; Andor). Images were captured with a Plan Apochromat 60×, NA 1.2 water-immersion objective. All live-cell imaging experiments were performed in phenol-free DMEM complete medium (Gibco).
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2

Live-Cell Imaging of Cells

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Cells were imaged at room temperature exposed to ambient atmosphere on either a Nikon Diaphot 300, a Nikon Eclipse TiE, or a Zeiss TIRF Axiovert. Fluorescence images were acquired with high numerical aperture oil immersion objectives, using either wide field illumination or total internal reflection excitation. Transmitted light images were obtained using phase-contrast optics with both oil and air immersion objectives. Images were collected on 1k back-thinned cooled EM-CCD cameras, Andor DU888 (Andor) or Hamamatsu ImageEM (Hamamatsu). Long tracks of cells were obtained from cells replated into an Ibidi μ-Dish 35 mm I high (Ibidi) sealed with Parafilm and imaged across a 4×4 grid of images with each position sampled every minute. A red filter was applied to the transmitted light illuminating cells to be imaged over a long period of time in blebbistatin.
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3

X-ray-Excited Luminescence Imaging

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During the X-ray excitation process, the voltage of the X-ray tube (Hamamatsu L9181-02 Microfocus X-ray Source, Japan) was increased gradually, while the tube current was kept constant. Therefore, X-ray photons with different emission energies (40, 60, 80, 100, 110, 120 and 130 keV) were obtained to excite EO nanoparticles (2 mg) inside an EP tube (Supplementary Fig. 1b), but the total photon number of the X-ray beam was kept constant for each excitation. To protect the EMCCD (DU888+, Andor, UK), the optical imaging system was perpendicular to the X-ray tube (Supplementary Fig. 1a). The white light image was acquired with a 0.1-s exposure inside room light, and the X-ray-excited fluorescent image was acquired with 5-s exposure inside a light sealed environment. The PBS was used as control.
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4

Spinning-Disk Confocal Imaging of Cells

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The islets or cells were imaged in a spinning-disk confocal system (Yokogawa CSU-10, Andor Technology, Belfast, Northern Ireland) attached to an Eclipse TE2000 microscope (Nikon, Kawasaki, Japan) equipped with a 60×, 1.40-NA objective (Nikon, Kawasaki, Japan). Diode-pumped solid-state lasers (Cobolt, Stockholm, Sweden) were used for excitation of mCherry (561 nm) and GFP or Alexa Fluor® 488 (491 nm). Fluorescence was selected with interference filters (520 with 35 nm half-bandwidth for GFP and Alexa Fluor® 488, and 586/20 nm for mCherry) and images were acquired with a back-illuminated EMCCD camera (DU888, Andor Technology) under MetaFluor software control (Molecular Devices Corp., Downington, PA). The confocal imaging experiments were performed at room temperature.
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5

Time-lapse Microscopy with Dual Camera

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Observations are made using a Nikon Ti-E microscope with Nikon 20X S Plan Fluor ELWD objective and differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. Two cameras operate simultaneously to record time-lapse images as well as high speed images. Through the left camera port, a 1K × 1K EMCCD camera (Andor DU-888) records images every 30 s for the duration of the experiments which are streamed directly to a data storage (24TB data server). Through the right camera port, an 1K × 1K CMOS high-speed camera (IDT NR4S) records images at 1000 fps for 1 second period every 10 min such that at least 1000 images are recorded per period. A custom MATLAB script prompts the microscope to automatically switch between ports and synchronize cameras allowing experiments to run unattended.
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6

TRIM37 Dynamics via FRAP Imaging

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RPE1 TRIM37Δ TRIM37-C18R-mNG cells grown on glass coverslips were mounted in Attofluor Cell chambers (A7816; Thermo Fisher Scientific) in CO2 Independent Medium (Gibco). FRAP experiments were conducted on a custom-assembled workstation centered around an inverted Eclipse Ti microscope (Nikon), equipped with a back-illuminated electron multiplying CCD camera (DU888; Andor); 100× NA 1.45 Plan Apo objective, Yokogawa spinning disk (Yokogawa Electric Corporation); 405-, 488-, 561-, and 640-nm laser launch (MLC400; Agilent); and a 2× relay lens. A 488-nm photobleaching laser (OBIS 488-nm LX 30 mW; Coherent) was run at 20-Hz repetition rate. Collimated laser beam was attenuated, delivered through back epi-port of the microscope and expanded to fill the back aperture of the objective. One or two ∼200-ms laser pulses were used to bleach the fluorescent signals. Before and immediately after bleaching, fluorescence images were recorded in a confocal mode collecting 0.2-µm Z sections. Recovery of the fluorescent signal was recorded by acquiring images at 1-min time intervals.
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7

Imaging Monopolar Spindles and Microtubule Growth

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Control and MCAK-inhibited monopolar spindles were imaged using a Nikon spinning disk microscope (Ti Eclipse), an EMCCD camera (Andor iXon DU-888 or DU-897), a 60 × 1.2 NA water immersion objective, and the software AndorIQ for image acquisition. The room was kept at constant 20 C. Monopolar spindles after the addition of RanQ69L were imaged using a Nikon wide-field epifluorescence microscope (Ti Eclipse), an sCMOS camera (Hamamatsu Orca Flash 4.0), and a 20 × 0.75 NA objective. In this case, image acquisition was performed using µManager (Edelstein et al., 2014 (link)). The growth of microtubule structures in the presence of obstacles was imaged using a Nikon total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscope (Ti Eclipse), equipped with an Andor iXon3 DU-897 BV back-illuminated EMCCD camera, a 100 × 1.49 NA oil immersion objective, and the Nikon software NIS elements.
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8

Single-Molecule TIRF Imaging Protocol

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Proteins were added to the imaging buffer to a final concentration of 75 pM. Then, the perfusion chamber was filled with the solution. The perfusion chambers were 9 mm in diameter and 0.9-mm deep, holding a volume of ≈ 60 μl. Imaging was performed at room temperature without replacing the solution, so that there was always protein present in the bulk solution and the surface concentration could reach a steady state.
All images were acquired using an objective-type total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (TIRFM) as described previously10 (link),39 (link). A 561 nm laser line was used as excitation source. A back-illuminated electron-multiplied charge coupled device (EM-CCD) camera (Andor iXon DU-888) liquid-cooled to -85°C, with an electronic gain of 300 was used. In order to maintain constant focus during the whole imaging time we employed an autofocus system (CRISP, Applied Scientific Instrumentation, Eugene, OR) in combination with a piezoelectric stage (Z-100, Mad City Labs, Madison, WI). Videos were acquired at a frame rate of 20 frames/s using Andor IQ 2.3 software and saved as 16-bit tiff files. The images were filtered using a Gaussian kernel with a standard deviation of 1.0 pixel in ImageJ. Single-particle tracking of Atto-C2 was performed in MATLAB using the u-track algorithm developed by Jaqaman et al.40 (link).
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9

High-resolution Confocal Microscopy Imaging

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Confocal micro­scopy was performed within 20 min of mounting, using an Andor Revolution Nipkow-disk confocal system (Andor Technology, Bellfast, Northern Ireland) installed on an Olympus IX-81 (Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), featuring a CSU22 confocal spinning-disk unit (Yokogawa, Tokyo, Japan) and an electron-multiplying charge-coupled device camera (DU 888; Andor). The system was controlled with the Revolution FAST mode of Andor Revolution IQ1 software. Images were acquired with an Olympus 100× objective (Plan APO, 1.4 numerical aperture [NA], oil immersion). The single laser lines used for excitation were from diode-pumped solid-state lasers exciting GFP fluorescence at 488 nm (50 mW; Coherent, Santa Clara, CA) and mCherry fluorescence at 561 nm (50 mW; CoboltJive; Cobolt AB, Solna, Sweden). A Semrock (Rochester, NY) bi-bandpass emission filter (Em01-R488/568-15) was used to collect green and red fluorescence. Pixel size was 65 nm. For 3D analysis, Z-stacks of 41 images with a 250-nm Z-step were used. An exposure time of 200 ms was applied.
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10

Live-cell Imaging of EB3 Comets

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Cells were plated on coverslips and transfected with a plasmid encoding mCherry-EB3 (a kind gift from Dr. Irina Kaverina, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN) using GenJet (SignaGen Laboratories) following the manufacturer’s instructions. ∼24 h after transfection, cells were mounted in Attofluor Cell chambers (A7816; Thermo Fisher Scientific) and imaged using an Eclipse Ti inverted microscope (Nikon) equipped with a Yokogawa spinning disc (Yokogawa Electric Corp.), 405-, 488-, 561-, and 640-nm laser launch (MCL-400; Agilent Technology), and a back-illuminated EMCCD camera (DU888; Andor), 100×, NA 1.42, Plan Apo objective, with a 2× relay lens placed before the spinning disc. A time-lapse over 1 min was recorded imaging one z plane each 1 s, using 200-ms exposure time. 4-s time projections were generated in Fiji (National Institutes of Health). The length of the comet over a 4-s period was determined if the same comet appeared over more than one 4-s timeframes. The displacement of the EB3 comets in 1 s was calculated and plotted.
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