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Anti cd166

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Anti-CD166 is a laboratory reagent used to detect the presence of the CD166 antigen, also known as ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule), on the surface of cells. CD166 is involved in cell-cell adhesion and plays a role in various cellular processes. The anti-CD166 reagent can be used in flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and other analytical techniques to identify and study CD166-expressing cells.

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9 protocols using anti cd166

1

Immunostaining of Neural Stem Cells

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Gels were washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min. Then, the samples were processed as described previously [6] (link) with primary antibodies against nestin (mouse, 1:500, Abcam), β-III-tubulin (rabbit, 1:1000, Sigma) and GFAP (rabbit, 1:1000, Dako), MAP2 (mouse, 1:500, Millipore), Ki-67 (rabbit, 1:500, Santa Cruz), CTGF (goat, 1:100, Santa Cruz), synemin (rabbit, 1:200, Sigma Aldrich), TNFRSF12A (rabbit, 1:100, Sigma Aldrich), annexin A1 (goat, 1:200, R&D Systems) and anti-mouse AlexaFluor 488 (donkey, 1:500, Invitrogen) and anti-rabbit AlexaFluor 647 (donkey, 1;500, Invitrogen) secondary antibodies.
For immunostaining of membrane surface receptors the GBM spheres were incubated prior to grafting in 4 °C for 20 min with fluorescent-conjugated antibodies (1:20 dilution in 2% FBS in PBS) and washed twice. Antibodies used were anti- CD166 (PE, BD Pharmingen), CXCR4 (PE, Miltenyi Biotec), CD29 (FITC, Chemicon), CD133 (PE, Miltenyi Biotec), CD44 (APC, eBioscience), CD9 (FITC, eBioscience).
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2

Immunophenotyping of hHFMSCs by Flow Cytometry

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Immunophenotyping of hHFMSCs was carried out using a BD FACSCalibur Cell Sorting System (BD Calibur) as previously described [25 (link)] with minor modifications. hHFMSCs were treated with TrypLE and stained with monoclonal antibodies anti-CD44, anti-CD34, and anti-CD166 (1 : 100, BD) in addition to antibodies used in our previous study [25 (link)]. hHFMSCOCT4 and floating cells were treated with TrypLE. Live cells were identified by 7-amino actinomycin (7AAD) exclusion and analyzed for EGFP expression. To detect the expression of hematopoietic markers, single cells were stained with fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies PE-anti-CD45 (1 : 100, BD Pharmingen) and PE-Cy5-anti-CD34 (1 : 100, Cell Signaling Technology). For CD133 detection, Alexa Fluor-555 goat anti-mouse IgG (1 : 200, Cell Signaling Technology) was used as the secondary antibody.
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3

Phenotypic Characterization of ADSCs

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Cultures of PF ADSCs and BC ADSCs at different passages (lower than passage 4) were phenotypically characterized following reference guidelines [32 (link), 33 (link)]. ADSCs obtained from PF- or BC-bearing patients were detached with 0.05% trypsin/EDTA (Thermo Fisher), washed with PBS, and 100000 cells were resuspended in 250 μL of PBS without Ca2+ and Mg+ (Euroclone, Pero, Italy) and incubated with antibodies directed against specific surface markers. Cells were incubated on ice for 30 minutes with antibodies anti-CD44 (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA), anti-CD90 (Millipore, Massachusetts, USA), anti-CD34 (Miltenyi Biotec, Calderara di Reno, BO, Italy), anti-CD45 (BD Biosciences), anti-CD146 (Biocytex, USA), anti-CD31 (Miltenyi Biotec), anti-CD56 (Miltenyi Biotec), anti-CD105 (Serotec, Bio-Rad, Segrate, MI, Italy), anti-CD144 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), anti-CD166 (BD Biosciences), anti-CD133/2 (Miltenyi Biotec), anti-CD73 (BD Biosciences), and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor 2 (VEGFR2; R&D Systems). Cells were pelleted, washed, and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich) for 20 minutes. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis was performed on a FACSVerse flow cytometer (BD Biosciences), equipped with the Cell Sweet software for data analysis.
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4

Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Cells harvested from femoral shaft marrows displayed all the typical characteristics of MSCs in culture and were characterized as described in previously published articles from our laboratory (Wilkins et al., 2009 (link); Kemp et al., 2010 (link)). Briefly, MSC cultures were characterized at third passage with anti-CD105, anti-CD45 (eBioscience, Hatfield, United Kingdom), anti-CD166, anti-CD90 (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA), and anti-CD44 (Serotec, Kidington, United Kingdom). MSCs were also differentiated down the adipogenic, osteoblastic, and chondrogenic lineages.
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5

Characterization of hcMSC Surface Antigens

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BM aspirates were taken from the iliac crest of a healthy male donor after informed consent was provided (approved by the INHA University Medical School Institutional Review Board; IRB Number 10-51). Isolation of hcMSCs was carried out as previously described (21 (link)). Several cell surface antigens on the established hcMSC line, named KBHD502, were characterized by flow cytometry. The antibodies used for the analysis were anti-CD14, anti-CD29, anti-CD31, anti-CD34, anti-CD44, anti-CD73, anti-CD90, anti-CD105, anti-CD119, anti-CD133, anti-CD166, anti-HLA class I, anti-HLA-DR, anti-Stro-1, anti-c-Met, and anti-c-Kit (BD Biosciences Pharmingen, San Diego, CA, USA). The cells were analyzed in a FACSCalibur flow cytometer (BD Biosciences). Isotype-matched control antibodies were used as controls.
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6

Immunophenotyping of Cultured Adipose Cells

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Immunophenotyping was performed on the SVF and ADSCs cultured from passages 0 through 4 by flow cytometry analysis. The cultured cells were re-suspended at 2.5x105 cells and then incubated with selective fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or with the appropriate isotype antibody controls. After incubation, the cells were washed twice in cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) supplemented with 0.5% BSA (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and fixed with 1% formaldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) diluted in PBS. The following PE conjugated mAbs were used: anti CD73, anti CD29, anti CD44, anti CD45, anti CD31, anti CD106, anti CD34, anti CD166, anti CD90, and anti CD105 (BD, Biosciences, San Jose, USA). Appropriate isotype controls were used at the same concentrations as the test antibody to determine non specific staining. Furthermore, a viability assay was performed by adding 5 μl of 7-amino actinomycin D (7-AAD) (BD, Biosciences, San Jose, USA) fluorochrome to stain non-viable cells. 10,000 cells were analyzed on a FACSCalibur cell analyzer using the CellQuest software (BD, Biosciences, San Jose, USA). Living cells were identified on the basis of their physical characteristics (forward and side scatter, FSC and SSC, respectively). The results were expressed as a percentage of positive cells.
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7

Characterization of Mechanically Activated hADSCs

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Cultures of mechanically activated hADSCs at different passages were phenotypically characterized by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS). As previously reported by us for hADScs obtained from lipoaspirate [36 (link)], after trypsinization, cells were washed with PBS and 1 × 105 cells were re-suspended in 250 uL of PBS w/o Ca2+ and Mg+ (Euroclone, Pero, Italy) and incubated with antibodies directed against specific surface markers. The following antibodies were used: anti-CD44 (BD Biosciences, Milano, Italy), anti-CD90 (Merck Millipore, Vimodrone, Milano, Italy), anti-CD34 (Mylteni Biotec, Bologna, Italy), anti-CD45 (BD Biosciences), anti-CD146 (Biocytex, Marseille, France), anti-CD31 (Mylteni Biotec), anti-CD56 (Mylteni Biotec), anti-CD105 (Biorad, Milano, Italy), anti-CD144 (R&D System, Minneapolis, MN, USA), anti-CD166 (BD Biosciences), anti-CD133/2 (Mylteni Biotec), anti-CD73 (BD Biosciences), and anti-VEGFR2 (R&D System). Samples were fixed with paraformaldehyde 4% and then studied by flow cytometry (FACS Vantage, BD Bioscience, Milano, Italy) using a specific software (CellQuest Pro, BD Bioscience). Results were expressed as mean ± SD.
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8

Characterization of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

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Bone marrow aspirates were collected from the iliac crest of a healthy male donor after obtaining informed consent (approved by Inha University Medical School Institutional Review Board). Isolation of the mesenchymal stromal cells and subsequent culturing was performed as previously described37 (link). The established mesenchymal stromal cell line was then analyzed for several stem cell markers using flow cytometry. The antibodies used for the analysis were as follows: anti-CD14, anti-CD29, anti-CD31, anti-CD34, anti-CD44, anti-CD73, anti-CD90, anti-CD105, anti-CD106, anti-CD166, anti-CXCR-4, anti-HLA-DR, anti-PODXL and anti-Oct-4 antibodies (BD Biosciences Pharmingen, San Diego, CA, USA). For the Oct-4 analysis, the cells were permeabilized with Triton X-100, and the cells were then analyzed by a FACSCalibur flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA). Isotype-matched control antibodies were used as controls.
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9

Phenotypic Analysis of Expanded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

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Phenotypes of expanded MSC were analyzed upon staining with the following antibodies: allophycocyanin (APC)-labeled anti-CD34 (clone 581), anti-CD90 (clone 5E10), phycoerythrin (PE)-labeled anti-CD31 (clone WM59), anti-CD73 (clone AD2), anti-CD44 (clone G44-26), anti-CD29 (clone MAR4), fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled anti-CD45 (clone 2D1) (all from BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) and anti-CD105 (clone SN6, AbDSerotec, Raleigh, NC). For the analysis of CRC cells in coculture with stromal cells, the following antibodies were used: APC-labeled anti-EpCAM (clone EBA-1), FITC-labeled anti-CD90 and PE-labeled anti-CD44, anti-CD166 (all from BD Biosciences) or anti-CD133 (Miltenyi Biotec, Auburn, CA) or PE-labeled anti-TGF-β (clone 9016, R&D Systems). Propidium iodide (PI, 0.5 µg/mL) was added to all samples prior to analysis. Samples were analyzed by a dual laser BD FACS Calibur flow cytometer (BD Biosciences), following exclusion of dead cells based on PI incorporation. Analysis was performed using FlowJo software (Tree Star, Ashland, OR). For sorting of tumor cells and MSC from cocultures, cells were stained with APC-labeled anti-EpCAM and FITC-labeled anti-CD90. Dead cells were excluded based on DAPI incorporation. Cell sorting was performed using a BD Influx cell sorter (BD Biosciences). Purity of sorted cells was ≥98%.
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