Bay 11 7082

Anti-CLDN2, CLDN7, and ZO-1 antibodies were obtained from Zymed Laboratories (South San Francisco, CA, USA). Anti-p-NF-κB p65, p65, and ERK antibodies were from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Anti-nucleoporin p62 antibody was from Becton Dickinson Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). Anti-p-p38 and p38 antibodies were from BD Biosciences (San Diego, CA, USA). Anti-β-actin and p-ERK antibodies were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). ANGII was from Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan). BAY 11-7082, losartan, lucifer yellow (LY), and PD123319 were from Focus Biomolecules (Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA), LKT Laboratories (St Paul, MN, USA), Biotium (Fremont, CA, USA), and Alomone Labs (Jerusalem, Israel), respectively. All other reagents were of the highest grade of purity available.

Recombinant human tumor necrosis-α (TNF-α) was from Peprotech (Rocky Hill, NJ). U0126, SB-203580, and bisindolylmaleimide I were from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). BAY 11–7082 was from Focus Biomolecules (Plymouth Meeting, PA). Goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP was from GE Healthcare Japan Corporation (Tokyo, Japan). Antibodies for phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser536) (93H1) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (14C10) were from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA). Fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (BSA) was from EMD chemicals (San Diego, CA). Dexamethasone (DEX), Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), and other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).