At turbo

De-identified and digitized 131 WSIs, including 120 PTC cytologic slides (smear, papanicolaou-stained, n = 120) and 11 PTC cytologic slides (TP, papanicolaou-stained, n = 11) were obtained from the Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. All papillary thyroid carcinoma smears were cytologically diagnosed and histologically confirmed by the two expert pathologists. The well-preserved thyroid FNAs, which were done within the last two years, are selected. Ethical approvals have been obtained from the research ethics committee of the Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGHIRB No.1-107-05-171 and No.B202005070), and the data were de-identified and used for a retrospective study without impacting patient care. All the stained slides were scanned using Leica AT Turbo (Leica, Germany), at 20× objective magnification. The average slide dimensions are 77,338 × 37,285 pixels with physical size 51.13 × 23.21 ${\mathrm{mm}}^2$ . The ground truth annotations were produced by two expert pathologists. The training model uses a total of 28 papanicolaou-stained WSIs (21%), including 25 thyroid FNA and 3 TP cytologic slides. The remaining 103 papanicolaou-stained WISs (79%), including 95 thyroid FNA and 8 TP cytologic slides, are used as a separate testing set for evaluation. The detailed information on the distribution of data could be found in Figure 1b.

De-identified and digitized 118 WSIs, including 107 PTC cytologic slides (smear, Papanicolaou stained, n = 107) and 11 PTC cytologic slides (ThinPrep, Papanicolaou stained, n = 11) were collected from the Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. All PTC were cytologically diagnosed, accompanied by cytologically confirmed by the two expert pathologists. All patients underwent thyroidectomy within three months to confirm the presence of PTC, while immunohistochemistry (IHC) recorded positive or negative results for BRAF (V600E). Papanicolaou-stained and TP cytological slides of patients with PTC were collected for DL analysis to predict BRAF (V600E) results. Ethical approvals have been obtained from the research ethics committee of the Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGHIRB No.1-107-05-171 and No.B202005070), and the data were de-identified and used for a retrospective study without impacting patient care. All the stained slides were scanned using Leica AT Turbo (Leica, Germany) at 200× overall magnification (with a 20× objective lens). The average slide dimensions are 77,338 × 37,285 pixels with physical size 51.13 × 23.21 mm ${}^2$ . The training model utilizes 79 Papanicolaou-stained WSIs (67%), and the remaining 39 Papanicolaou-stained WSIs (33%) are used as an independent testing set for evaluation.

The screening of cytology slides was first performed by cytologists, and two experienced pathologists confirmed these papillary carcinoma tumor groups labeled by cytologists. Cytology was performed using a 2017 Bethesda System for reporting thyroid cytopathology. The well-preserved thyroid FNAs performed during the previous two years are chosen. All stained slides were scanned at 20× objective magnification with a Leica AT Turbo (Leica, Germany) and the average slide size is 77,338 × 37,285 pixels. Two experienced pathologists created the reference standard. The training model uses a total of 28 Papanicolaou-stained WSIs (21%), including 25 thyroid FNA and three TP cytologic slides. The remaining 103 Papanicolaou-stained WSIs (79%), including 95 thyroid FNA and eight TP cytologic slides, are used as a separate testing set for evaluation.