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Cupric chloride

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States

Cupric chloride is a chemical compound with the formula CuCl₂. It is a crystalline solid that is soluble in water and other polar solvents. Cupric chloride has a variety of applications in laboratory settings, serving as a precursor for the synthesis of other copper compounds and as a reagent in various analytical and experimental procedures.

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9 protocols using cupric chloride

1

Synthesis and Characterization of Surface-Functionalized Nanoparticles

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2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS, >99%), triethylamine (TEA, >99%), methylbenzene and ethanol were purchased from Kelong Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES, >96%) and 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide (BIBB, >98%) were purchased from Aladdin Industrial Co. (Shanghai, China). 1,1,4,7,10,10-Hexamethyl-triethylenetetramine (HMDETA, >97%) was purchased from best-reagent Chemical Reagent Co. (Chengdu, China). Cuprous chloride, cupric chloride and Pb(ii) ion standard solution (1000 mg L−1) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). All chemical reagents and solvents were of analytical grade and used without further purification. Deionized water used in the following experiments was purified using an ultrapure reverse osmosis system (Chengdu Ultrapure Technology Co. China).
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2

Antibody and Fluorescent Probe Selection

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The antibody for caspase-3 was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA). The LC3B-II antibody was from Stressgen (Ann Arbor, MI). The PARP antibody was from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA). The FluoZin-3 AM probe and LysoTracker probe were purchased from Life Technologies Co. (Carlsbad, CA). CellTiter 96 Aqueous Solution (MTS assay) was from Promega (Madison, WI). Chloroquine diphosphate, zinc chloride, cupric chloride, iron chloride, N,N,N′,N′-Tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN), Ca-EDTA, the β-actin antibody and other chemical agents were analytic grade and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
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3

Protein Analysis Using Reagents

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Bathocuproine disulfonic acid (BCS), cupric chloride (CuCl2), Bafilomycin-A1 (Baf), chloroquine (CQ), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), imidazole, AEBSF and Pipes were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO) while ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) was from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ). NuPAGE Novex 4-12% gradient Bis-Tris gels and MOPS SDS Running buffer were from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA), while PVDF Immobilon-P membrane was from Millipore (Bedford, MA). Halt protease inhibitors and West Pico super signal substrate were from Thermo Scientific (Rockford, IL). All other chemicals were of the highest purity and obtained from sources identified in previous publications.
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4

Evaluating Metal-Chelator Interactions

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Genistein, daidzein, DMSO, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) Ca2+ and Mg2+, RPMI, cupric chloride (purity ≥ 99%), metal chelators: neocuproine, desferrioxamine mesylate, and histidine were acquired from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). All additional compounds were of analytical grade and purchased from commercial suppliers.
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5

Curcumin Compounds and Metal Chelators Analysis

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Curcumin, demethoxyCurcumin, bisdemethoxyCurcumin, DMSO, agarose (normal melting and low melting), Ca2+- and Mg2+-free phosphate-buffered saline, RPMI 1640 media, Histopaque 1077, metal chelators (neocuproine (Neo), bathocuproine disulphonic acid (Batho), desferrioxamine mesylate (DM) and histidine (His)), and cupric chloride were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other chemicals were commercial products of analytical grade.
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6

Electrochemical Sensor Fabrication and Characterization

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Caffeic acid, protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), chitosan, N, N-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC), bicarbonate, D-glucose, uric acid, L-ascorbic acid, acetaminophen, ferric chloride, cobaltous chloride, nickel chloride hexahydrate, cupric chloride, zinc chloride, and manganese (II) chloride tetrahydrate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and MWCNTs (30–50 nm diameter, 2 μm average length and 95% purity) were purchased from Aladdin. Acetic acid, KCl, ethanol, K3Fe[(CN)6], Na2HPO4, and citric acid were purchased from Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory (Tianjin, China). All the chemicals and reagents were of analytical-reagent grade and used as received without further purification. Deionized water was used throughout the experiments unless otherwise indicated.
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7

Tin-based Electrochemical Sensing Platform

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0.5 mm thick
tin (Sn) sheets with 99.998% purity were obtained from Goodfellow
UK. Ethylene glycol (C2H6O2, 99.999%
purity), cupric chloride (CuCl2, 99.995%), sodium hydroxide
(NaOH, 98%), oxalic acid dihydrate (C2H2O4·2H2O, 99%), sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O2, 99.99%), N-hydroxy succinimide
(C4H5NO3, 98%), sodium acetate (CH3COONa, 99.0%), sodium dihydrogen sulfate (NaH2SO4, 99.7%), disodium hydrogen sulfate (Na2HSO4, 99.9%), acetic acid (CH3COOH, 99.5%), sodium
carbonate (Na2CO3, 99.5%), sodium bicarbonate
(NaHCO3, 99.8%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 38% purity), acetone,
ethanol, and methanol were bought from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Creatinine
was obtained from the Sigma-Aldrich, USA, while other biospecies like
cholesterol, l-cysteine, ascorbic acid (AA), glucose (Glu),
uric acid (UA), and urea were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Regent
Co., Ltd., China. All the chemicals were used without further processing.
De-ionized (DI) water was utilized throughout out the experiments.
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8

Yeast-based Biosensor Protocol

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker's yeast, domain: eukarya, kingdom: fungi), Australia, yeast extract, d-(+)-glucose, p-phenylenediamine (PPDA, 99% purity), benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxaldehyde (BTCA), dimethylformamide (DMF), catalase (CAT) from bovine liver, lyophilized powder, 2000–5000 units per mg protein, resazurin sodium salt, bisphenol A, cupric chloride (CuCl2), zinc acetate (Zn(CH3COO)2), 2-methylimidazole (99.0%), and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) solution (PDADMAC) (1.04 g L−1; Mw = 200 000–3500 000) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Australia). Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) was purchased from Life Technologies (Australia). Alexa Fluor 350 and Atto 647N NHS ester were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Australia), and hydrogen peroxide (27–30%, 500 mL) was purchased from Chem-Supply Pty Ltd Australia. All the other reagents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Australia) and used without further modification.
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9

Functionalized Lanthanide Nanoparticle Synthesis

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All chemicals were used as received without further purification. Sodium
chloride (NaCl), yttrium nitrate
(Y(NO3)3·6H2O), ytterbium nitrate
(Yb(NO3)3·5H2O), thulium nitrate
(Tm(NO3)3-5H2O), , ammonium fluoride
(NH4F), polyacrylic acid (PAA, MW ~15000), polyacrylic
acid (PAA, MW ~1800), barium carbonate (BaCO3), cupric
chloride (CuCl2), cobalt chloride (CoCl2), zinc sulfate
(ZnSO4), and mercury(II) nitrate monohydrate
(Hg(NO3)2·H2O) were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). 1-Ethyl-3-[3-dimethylamonopropyl] carbodiimide
hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and ethylene
glycol (EG) were purchased from Thermo Scientific (Rockford, IL). SYBR Green I
was from Life Technology (Carlsbad, CA). All DNA strands were from IDT DNA
(Coralville, IA). Nt. Alwl and 10x Cutsmart® buffer were purchased from
New England BioLabs. The melting points of various DNA strands under the
experimental conditions were estimated using the OligoAnalyzer program available
at the vendor’s website (http://www.idtdna.com). The sequences of DNA probes used in this
study are listed in Table 1. The DNA
strands used are DNA_1 (22mer, amine-modified at the 5’-end) and
DNA_mismatch (22mer). The middle segment of DNA_mismatch is complementary to
DNA_1 except at the thymine bases.
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