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Micro bca protein assay kit

Manufactured by Beyotime
Sourced in China

The Micro BCA Protein Assay Kit is a colorimetric assay used to determine the concentration of protein in a sample. It is based on the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method, which uses a reagent that reacts with protein to produce a purple-colored complex. The intensity of the color is proportional to the protein concentration, which can be measured using a spectrophotometer.

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22 protocols using micro bca protein assay kit

1

Cardiomyocyte Protein Expression Analysis

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At the end of reoxygenation, adherent cardiomyocytes were washed twice with PBS and 1 mL of strong RIPA cell lysate (strong RIPA cell lysate: PMSF, 100:1), then centrifuged (12,000 g at 4°C) for 5 min. The supernatant was aliquoted, and protein content was determined using the Micro BCA protein assay kit (Beyotime). After denaturation at 100°C, proteins were subjected to 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) (Amresco, Solon, OH, USA). The fractionated products were electrophoretically transferred onto a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (Hybond-P, Bio-Rad, Berkeley, CA, USA) and blocked at 37°C for 2 h. The membrane was then incubated overnight with primary antibodies. HIF-1α, VEGF, Bcl-2, and Bax were probed with 1:1,000 dilutions of the respective antibodies overnight at 4°C. The membrane was then washed with TBST buffer and incubated with secondary antibodies (1:10,000) at room temperature for 2 h. The fluorescence intensity of each membrane was measured by an infrared fluorescent imaging system (NatureGene Corp, Beijing, China) to determine the fluorescence intensity of the target membrane.
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2

Recombinant Goldfish MCSF-2 Protein Expression

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Goldfish MCSF-2 ORF excluding singnal peptide was amplified by PCR using gene-specific primers that included 5’-end BamH I and Hind III insertions (Table S1). Restriction enzymes BamH I and Hind III were used to thoroughly digest the PCR result. (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), then ligated to the pET32a (+) vector digested with BamH I/Hind III. This resulted in the creation of the recombinant plasmid pET32a-gfMCSF-2, which were subsequently converted into competent E. coli (BL21/DE3) cells (TransGen, China). To express the RgMCSF-2 proteins, 0.1 mM IPTG induction was carried out at 16°C overnight, and recombinants proteins expression was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Purification of the recombinant protein was accomplished by using Ni-NTA Sefinose Resin (Sangon, China) as directed by the manufacturer. As a control protein in subsequent experiments, the pET32a (+) vector containing a thioredoxin tag without an insert was expressed and purified in the same manner. Subsequently, a ProteoSpin Endotoxin removal column (Norgen Biotek, USA) was used to purify the recombinant protein after it was dialyzed overnight at 4°C in 1 x PBS. Micro BCA Protein Assay Kit (Beyotime, China) was used to determine protein content.
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression

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After quantification of the protein samples using a Micro BCA™ Protein Assay Kit (Beyotime, Shanghai, China), equivalent amounts of protein (30 µg) were electrophoresed on 12.5% SDS–PAGE gels and then electrotransferred to PVDF membranes (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). After blocking, the membranes were incubated at 4 °C overnight with the following primary antibodies: GAPDH (1:1000), EGF-C (1:1000), VEGFR-3 (1:1000), AKT (1:1000), p-AKT (1:1000), ERK1/2 (1:1000), p-ERK1/2 (1:1000), IκBα (1:1000), p-IκBα (1:500), NF-κB p65 (1:1000), and p-NF-κB p65 (1:000) and then incubated with the aforementioned anti-mouse or anti-rabbit secondary antibodies (1:2000) at 37 °C for 1 h. Finally, chromogenic results of the target protein were visualized with an Odyssey infrared laser imaging system (Licor, Lincoln, NE, USA). VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 antibodies were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK), and the other antibodies were purchased from CST (Danvers, MA, USA). The intensity of the selected bands was quantified and analysed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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4

Western Blot Protein Expression Analysis

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Samples were lysed by RIPA (Beyotime, P0013B, Shanghai, China) and the Micro BCA Protein Assay Kit (Beyotime, P0010S, Shanghai, China) was used to measure the protein content. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels were used for electrophoresis and then transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes. Then, blocking buffer was used to block for 1 h and following the specific primary antibodies (the primary antibodies used were listed in Table S1) were used to incubate with the membranes overnight at 4°C. Then, diluted horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐conjugated Affinipure Goat Anti‐Rabbit IgG (SA00001‐2, Proteintech) and HRP‐conjugated Affinipure Goat Anti‐Mouse IgG (SA00001‐1, Proteintech) using antibody dilution were used to incubate the membranes. And GAPDH or H3 was used a loading protein control. At last, enhanced chemiluminescence reagents (Affinity, KF001, Nanjing, China) used to visualize the protein expression using the ChemiDoc MP Imaging System (Bio‐Rad, 12003154 Hercules, CA, USA). And ImageJ was used for semi‐quantification of the expression of proteins.
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5

Hydrogel-Encapsulated Exosome Release Profiling

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The in vitro release profile of hydrogel encapsulated exosomes was tested via dynamic dialysis method. The molecule weight of dialysis membrane was between 8000 and 12,000 relative molecular mass. Then, 1 ml above prepared hydrogel contained 20 μg exosomes was pipetted into the dialysis bag. The dialysis bag was immersed and incubated into 10 ml PBS dissolution medium of pH 6.5, working temperature was set at set at 35 ± 0.5 °C. Periodically, same amount of preheated dissolution medium was replenished following the collection of 1 ml sample. The quantitative determination of the released exosomes was performed by a micro BCA protein assay kit (Beyotime, Shanghai, China).
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6

Protein Deglycosylation and Visualization

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The protein concentration was determined using a Micro BCA protein assay kit (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). Xyn10C deglycosylation was performed using Endo-H enzyme (New England Biolabs, Beijing, China) with or without preheating at 100 °C for 10 min before hydrolyzing. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed on a 10% (w/v) polyacrylamide gel with a protein marker of PageRuler Prestained Protein Ladder (Fermentas, Shenzhen, China) using a Mini-PROTEAN Tetra Cell Systems (Bio-Rad, Hercules, USA). The target proteins on the gel were visualized by straining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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7

Protein Expression Analysis of Ankle Joint

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The ankle joints were lysed by RIPA Lysis Buffer (Beyotime, Shanghai, China), which involved PMSF (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). According to the manufacturer’s instructions, protein samples in RIPA buffer were quantified with the Micro BCA protein assay kit (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). Each sample was used for electrophoresis with 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gels and then transferred to PVDF membranes. The PVDF membranes were blocked with 3% bovine serum albumin in Tris buffered saline-Tween 20 (TBST) buffer for 30 min at room temperature. The blots were incubated with anti-A20, anti-P65, anti-P-P65, anti-IκBα, anti-NLRP3, anti-ASC and anti-caspase-1 antibody at 1:1000 overnight at 4 °C and with horse radish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) for 60 min at room temperature. Blots were scanned and analyzed with Image J software.
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8

Quantifying Adsorbed Fibronectin and RGD Availability

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Each sample was immersed in 20 μg/mL of fibronectin (FN, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) solution for 10 min at 37 °C. After this, each sample was rinsed by phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to remove non-adsorbed FN. The distribution of adsorbed FN on the surfaces was observed by AFM in a tapping mode. The amount of adsorbed FN was quantitatively measured using the Micro BCA Protein Assay Kit (Beyotime Biotechnology, Nantong, China). RGD availability of FN on the surfaces was assessed by examining the binding of the anti-FN antibody (HFN7.1) with enzyme-like immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as described elsewhere [14 (link)]. Considering the difference among the samples in the amount of adsorbed FN, RGD availability of FN was calculated by normalizing the intensity of HFN7.1 to the amount of adsorbed FN.
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9

Extracellular Protein Precipitation and Enzymatic Assays

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Extracellular proteins were precipitated by 80 % ammonium sulfate and redissolved in sterile distilled water. The protein concentration was determined with a Micro BCA protein assay kit (Beyotime, China) using bovine serum albumin as a standard. Cellulase and xylanase activities were measured by 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method according to Liu et al. [25 (link)]. One unit of enzyme activity was defined as the amount of enzyme required to release 1 μmol of reducing sugars from the substrate in 1 min.
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10

Mitochondrial Isolation from Hippocampus

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The hippocampal tissues were homogenized in ice-cold Dounce homogenizers (1:10, w/v) with isolation buffer (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology, Shanghai, China) and centrifuged at 1,000× g for 5 min at 4°C. Supernatants were removed and centrifuged at 12,000× g for 10 min at 4°C to obtain pure cytosolic fractions. The mitochondria-enriched pellets were gently resuspended and re-pelleted by centrifugation at 12,000× g for 10 min. The concentrations of mitochondrial protein and cytosolic protein were determined with a Micro BCA protein assay kit (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology) with bovine serum albumin as the standard.
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