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Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate nadph

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Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is a coenzyme involved in various cellular processes. It serves as a cofactor for enzymes and plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism, including biosynthesis and oxidation-reduction reactions.

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Lab products found in correlation

Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions) Formic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions) High performance liquid chromatography grade organic solvents, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Lc ms grade acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Benzo a pyrene, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Pierce bca protein assay kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Tetrabutylammonium sulfite, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Sodium sulfite, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Pcb 117, by AccuStandard (2 mentions) Nucleodex β pm columns, by Macherey-Nagel (2 mentions) Pcb 166, by AccuStandard (2 mentions) Albendazole, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Nadph, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Chlorpropamide, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Procaine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Milli q a10 system, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Pfastbac dual vector, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)

23 protocols using reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate nadph

1

Enzyme-mediated Drug Metabolism Assay

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FLU was purchased from Janssen Pharmaceutica (Prague, Czechia). Recombinant human carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) was obtained from MyBioSource (San Diego, CA, USA). Albendazole, menadione (MEN), luteolin (LUT), DOX, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and NADPH, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Prague, Czechia). All other chemicals used were of HPLC or analytical grade.
Kubíček V., Skálová L., Skarka A., Králová V., Holubová J., Štěpánková J., Šubrt Z, & Szotáková B. (2019). Carbonyl Reduction of Flubendazole in the Human Liver: Strict Stereospecificity, Sex Difference, Low Risk of Drug Interactions. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10, 600.
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2

Elemicin Metabolism Profiling in Microsomes

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Elemicin (PubChem CID: 10248) was provided by MAYA chemical reagent company (Jiaxing, China). Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), chlorpropamide, and formic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methoxsalen, ticlopidine, ketonazole, Cys, and NAC were purchased from Meilun chemical reagent company (Dalian, China). α-Naphthoflavone, trimethoprim, uinidine, and diethyl maleate were obtained from Shanghai Macklin reagent company (Shanghai, China). Sulfaphenazol was from MCE (Med Chem Express LLC, USA). Both mouse liver microsomes (MLMs) and human liver microsomes (HLMs) were purchased from Bioreclamationivt Inc. (Hicksville, NY). Recombinant human P450s isoforms were provided by Xenotech, LLC (Kansas City, KS). Microanticoagulant tubes (EDTA dipotassium salt as anticoagulant) were obtained from Jiangsu Xinkang Medical Instrument company (Taizhou, China). All used reagents and organic solvents (acetonitrile, ACN) were of either analytical or HPLC grade.
Wang Y.K., Yang X.N., Zhu X., Xiao X.R., Yang X.W., Qin H.B., Gonzalez F.J, & Li F. (2019). Role of Metabolic Activation in Elemicin-Induced Cellular Toxicity. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 67(29), 8243-8252.
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3

In Vitro Metabolite Formation Assay

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Lidocaine was obtained from Shanghai Canspec Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd (Perfemiker, Shanghai, China) and its metabolite MEGX was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc (Toronto, Ontario, Canada). The reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and procaine (internal standard) were obtained from Sigma (St Louis, MO, USA). Cytochrome b5 microsomes were kind gifts from Beijing Hospital.24 (link)
Spodoptera frugiperda 21 (Sf21) insect cells, fetal bovine serum, Sf-900™ III SFM insect culture medium, pFastBac Dual vector and Bac-to-Bac Baculovirus Expression System were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). The CORTECS® ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)® hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)® column (2.1×50 mm, 1.6 µM) was obtained from the Waters (Dublin, Ireland). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade organic solvents and LC-MS grade acetonitrile were from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ultrapure water was freshly purified by a Milli-Q A10 System (Milli-pore, Billerica, MA, USA). Formic acid (FA, 98% purity) of LC-MS grade was from Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany). All the other chemicals and solvents used were of the analytical grade commercially available.
Fang P., Tang P.F., Xu R.A., Zheng X., Wen J., Bao S.S., Cai J.P, & Hu G.X. (2017). Functional assessment of CYP3A4 allelic variants on lidocaine metabolism in vitro. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 11, 3503-3510.
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4

Characterization of ENT and Metabolites

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ENT (99.1% purity), d3-ENT (99.56% purity), carboxylic acid metabolite M1 (99.94% purity), and N-demethylation metabolite M2 (98.6% purity) were kindly provided by Hinova Pharmaceuticals Inc (Sichuan, People’s Republic of China). Pooled mixed-sex human, monkey, dog, rat, and mouse liver microsomes were purchased from BD Gentest (Woburn, MA, USA). Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and voriconazole (100% purity) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co (St Louis, MO, USA). Pure water (18.2 mΩ, total organic carbons ≤50 ppb) was obtained from a Millipore Milli-Q Gradient Water Purification System (Molsheim, France). All other chemicals, reagents, and solvents were of either analytical or high-performance liquid chromatography grade. The Declaration of Helsinki was followed for the use of human liver microsomes (HLM), but no further ethical permission was sought.
Jiang J., Pang X., Li L., Dai X., Diao X., Chen X., Zhong D., Wang Y, & Chen Y. (2016). Effect of N-methyl deuteration on metabolism and pharmacokinetics of enzalutamide. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 10, 2181-2191.
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5

Purification and Characterization of DIOB

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DIOB was purified from DB rhizomes based on a reported protocol [29 (link)], followed by structural characterization using mass spectrometry and NMR. The purity of DIOB (λmax = 210 nm) was >98% determined by an HPLC system equipped with a diode array detector. 4-Bromobenzylamine (BBA, >98%) and 4-Bromobenzylmercaptan (BBM, >98%) were purchased from Shanghai Darui Chemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) and Aladdin Industrial Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), respectively. Oxone, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), L-lysine (Lys), L-cysteine (Cys), ketoconazole (KTC, >99%), S-hexylglutathione (>99%), chymotrypsin, dexamethasone (DEX, >99%), DL-dithiothreitol (DTT), and buthioninesulfoximine (BSO, >99%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Pronase E (>98%) was provided by Shanghai Yuanye Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All organic solvents were of HPLC grade and supplied by Fisher Scientific (Springfield, NJ, USA).
Wang K., Lin D., Guo X., Huang W., Zheng J, & Peng Y. (2017). Chemical Identity of Interaction of Protein with Reactive Metabolite of Diosbulbin B In Vitro and In Vivo. Toxins, 9(8), 249.
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6

In Vitro CYP3A4 Metabolism Assay

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Cyclosporin A (CsA) was purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Its metabolite CsA M-17 (AM-1) was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. Diazepam (internal standard, IS) was purchased from Shanghai Hanxiang Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Company (St Louis, MO). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade organic solvents were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Recombinant human CYP3A4 and cytochrome b5 were prepared by our group as described previously (Zhou et al., 2019 (link)). The rat liver microsomes (RLMs) and human liver microsomes (HLMs) were from Corning Life Sciences Co., Ltd. The information on 132 drugs is presented in Supplementary Table S1.
Kong Q., Gao N., Wang Y., Hu G., Qian J, & Chen B. (2023). Functional evaluation of cyclosporine metabolism by CYP3A4 variants and potential drug interactions. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 1044817.
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7

Lanosterol Biosynthesis in Leishmania

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Lanosterol (>=93% pure) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). 5α-Cholesta-8,24-dien-3β-ol (zymosterol), 14-demethyl-14-dehydroLanosterol (FF-MAS), 4,4-dimethylcholesta-8,24-dien-3β-ol (T-MAS), and cholesterol-d7 were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids Inc (Alabaster, AL). 4α,14α-Dimethylzymosterol (4,14-DMZ) was isolated from the sterol extract of L. tarentolae [16 (link)]. Dilaurylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), and dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) were a gift from Dr. Philip Gao at the Protein Production Group, University of Kansas. Emulgen 911 was purchased from Desert Biologicals (Phoenix, AZ). Reagents used in Leishmania work were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA) or VWR (Radnor, PA) unless otherwise specified.
Jin Y., Basu S., Feng M., Ning Y., Munasinghe I., Joachim A.M., Li J., Madden R., Burks H., Gao P., Perera C., Werbovetz K.A., Zhang K, & Wang M.Z. (2023). CYP5122A1 encodes an essential sterol C4-methyl oxidase in Leishmania donovani and determines the antileishmanial activity of antifungal azoles. Research Square.
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8

Quantitative Analysis of Gefitinib and Metabolite

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Gefitinib and its metabolite O-desmethyl gefitinib were purchased from Shanghai Canspec Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd (Perfemiker, Shanghai, China), the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and carbamazepine (internal standard, IS) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Company (St Louis, MO, USA). P450 Cytochrome b5 microsomes and recombinant human CYP2D6 microsomes were kind gifts from Beijing Hospital (Beijing, China).21 (link) High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade organic solvents and LC-MS grade acetonitrile were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), formic acid of HPLC grade (FA, purity 99.9%) was purchased from J&K scientific Ltd. (Shanghai, China), and all other reagents used were of analytical grade.
Fang P., Zheng X., He J., Ge H., Tang P., Cai J, & Hu G. (2017). Functional characterization of wild-type and 24 CYP2D6 allelic variants on gefitinib metabolism in vitro. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 11, 1283-1290.
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9

Zotarolimus Microsomal Metabolism

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Acetonitrile, methanol, water (all HPLC-grade), formic aid, and dichloromethane were from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA) and zotarolimus was from Toronto Research Chemicals (North York, ON, Canada). Human liver microsomes (pooled from 200 individuals) were purchased from Xenotech (Kansas City, KS, USA). Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and other chemicals for the NADPH-generating system (see below) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
One mg/mL zotarolimus stock solutions in 0.1% formic acid/Acetonitrile 20/80 volume/volume (v/v) were prepared. Stock solutions, working solutions, and isolated metabolite fractions were kept in a −80 °C freezer.
Shokati T., Drake S.H., Zhao W., Klawitter J., Klawitter J, & Christians U. (2023). Structural Identification of Zotarolimus (ABT-578) Metabolites Generated by Human Liver Microsomes Using Ion-Trap and High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry in Combination with the Analysis of Fragmentation Patterns. Metabolites, 13(10), 1093.
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10

Synthesis and Characterization of HAS-719

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Aumolertinib (purity>98%) was purchased from Biochempartner (Shanghai, China). HAS-719 (purity>95%) was synthesized by Bioduro-Sundia (Shanghai, China). The schematic diagram of chemical synthesis and identification spectra of HAS-719 are shown in Supplementary Figure S1. Diazepam was manufactured by Shanghai Xudong Haipu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA). HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay kit was purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Ultrapure water was purified using a Milli-Q A10 purification system (Billerica, MA, USA). Rat microsomes were extracted according to the preparation method (Wang et al., 2015) (link). Male pooled human liver microsomes, 0.5 mL, were purchased from Corning Life Sciences (#452172, New York, USA).
Ye F., Ni J., Li X., Wang J., Luo J., Wang S., Xu X., Zhong Y., Qian J, & Xiao Z. (2024). The influence of drug-induced metabolic enzyme activity inhibition and CYP3A4 gene polymorphism on aumolertinib metabolism. Frontiers in pharmacology, 15.
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