TEOS (4.0 g) was added into a water/tert-butanol mixture (volume ratios of water: tert-butanol 3:1, 100 mL). Oxalic acid (0.02 g, as a catalyst) was then added with continuous stirring for 4 h at room temperature to generate an homogeneous silica sol (4 w/v%) [37 (link)]. A different amount of CTAB was added into 8 mL silica sol (4 w/v%) and the mixture was stirred for 3 h at room temperature. The silica sol concentration was also varied (0.8 w/v%) to change the coating condition. M-BTC nanofibers (25 mg) were added into that solution. The mixture was homogenized for 8 min at 12,000 rpm (Power Gen 1000, Fisher Brand). After that, the mixture was frozen in liquid nitrogen and then freeze dried for 48 h. The freeze-dried materials were further treated in an oven for 24 h at 100 °C to complete the sol–gel process. The calcination process was carried out in a furnace (Carbolite, CWF1200) with the programmed procedure: heating at 2 °C/min to 600 °C, holding at 600 °C for 300 min, then cooling down at a rate 5 °C/min.
Cwf 1200
Manufactured by Carbolite
Sourced in United Kingdom
The CWF 1200 is a lab equipment product manufactured by Carbolite. It is a high-temperature furnace with a maximum temperature of 1200°C. The core function of the CWF 1200 is to provide a controlled environment for material testing and processing at elevated temperatures.
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Lab products found in correlation
8 protocols using cwf 1200
1
Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica-Coated Carbon Nanofibers
2
Weathering of Marble and Limestone Specimens
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Reagents and solvents were used without further purification. The white marble variety “Statuario Michelangelo” from the Apuan Alps and a biomicritic limestone were quarried from Cava Carrarese (Carrara, Italy) and “Cava Flore” in Santa Caterina di Pittinuri (Oristano, Italy), respectively. Prism-shaped specimens of different sizes (2.0 cm × 2.0 cm × 8.0 cm and 2.0 cm × 2.0 cm × 2.0 cm) were sliced. Carrara marble samples underwent a thermal weathering treatment in a Carbolite CWF 1200 muffle furnace, where the temperature was ramped to 500 °C (1 h), held at that temperature for 7 h, and cooled down to 25 °C over a period of 3 h. No artificial weathering treatment was performed on the biomicritic limestone samples.
3
Thermal Treatment of Thin Films
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All the films were thermally treated using an electric furnace (CWF 1200, Carbolite) at various temperatures ranging from 200 to 1100 °C. Specifically, AZO and ITO films were exposed to temperatures of up to 500 °C, while the LBSO film was exposed to the full temperature range. The samples were maintained at the peak temperature for 8 h and the furnace was slowly heated and cooled at a rate of 5 °C min−1 to minimize film damage.
4
Hydrothermal Growth of Vertically Aligned ZnO Nanorod Arrays
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As illustrated in Figure 1 b, the hydrothermal method was used to grow ZNRAs wherein a water bath system at 90 °C allowed in controlling growth times between 4 and 12 h. In this process, the ZNPs seed layer-coated substrate was immersed in a sealed glass pot enclosing a mixture of zinc nitrate hexahydrate (40 mM) and HMTA (40 mM) and put it in the oven (Carbolite, Hope, UK) at 90 °C for various growth times to get vertically aligned ZNRAs. Then, the resultant products were cleaned using DIW and air-dried. Finally, ITO substrates coated with ZNRAs were annealed at 350 °C in an electrical furnace (Carbolite CWF 1200, Hope, UK) for 1 h at a heating rate of 2 °C/min. The obtained samples were coded as ZNRAs-4h, ZNRAs-6h, ZNRAs-8h, ZNRAs-10h, and ZNRAs-12h.
5
Facile Synthesis of ZnO Nanorod Arrays
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First, Sn-doped polycrystalline In2O3 (called indium tin oxide or ITO of resistance of 10 U/sq) as substrates were ultrasonically cleaned successively for 15 min at 25 °C using acetone, 2-propanol and DIW. Then, all substrates were thoroughly rinsed in DIW to remove the impurities and activate the surface. The deposition of the ZnO nanoparticles seed layer onto ITO substrates was accomplished via the sol-gel unified spin coating using a precursor mixture (0.1 M) made of zinc acetate dihydrate [(CH3COO)2Zn.2H2O)], ethanol (10 mL) and diethanolamine [CH2(OH)CH2)]2NH of 0.1 M followed by annealing at 400 °C for 1 h at a rate of 2 °C per minute. The conventional hydrothermal method (in water bath at 90 °C for 8 h) was used to grow ZNRAs. Next, the ZnO seed layer-coated ITO substrate was immersed in a sealed glass container containing [Zn(NO3)2.6H2O] and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA [C6H12N4]) each of 40 mM. Afterward, the coated samples were rinsed using DIW before being dried by an air-blown gun. Finally, the ZNRAs-coated glass substrates were annealed in a furnace (Carbolite CWF 1200, UK) at 350 °C for 1 h at a heating rate of 2 °C per minute.
6
Optimised Biochar Production from Conifer Brash
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The final optimised biochar is referred to here as OB (optimised biochar). This was prepared as follows. A mixed conifer brash (Lodgepole pine and Sitka spruce) was dried in the oven at 105 ºC overnight. The dried brash was milled to ~0.1-1 mm with a mechanical mill (Retsch ZM 100) prior to pyrolysis. Known quantities of milled brash were placed into crucibles then into a muffle furnace (Carbolite CWF 1200) and heated from room temperature up to a final temperature of 500 ºC, which was then held for 30 min. After cooling, the resultant biochar was rinsed with Milli-Q water to eliminate ash residues, then dried at 105 ºC for 2 h and stored in plastic bags.
7
Cremation Bone Characterization Protocol
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A laboratory chamber furnace (Carbolite© CWF 1200) with an 1100 °C maximum operating temperature and adjustable duration controls was used for the burning process. The samples were placed inside the furnace at 39 ºC and heated up until the temperature reached 850 °C. Following the methodology of previous authors [28, (link)37] (link), they were left at 850 °C for 30 min to achieve complete calcination. The cremation lasted ~5 h considering the total heat exposure. However, the temperature was only over 200 °C for 195 min, which is the minimum temperature reported for thermal changes to occur [28, (link)39] (link). After the procedure finished, the bones were left to cool overnight. The burning process is depicted in Fig. 3. The length, width, roughness, and floor shape of each toolmark were calculated after cooling. In total, before and after the burning, more than 600 measurements were taken.
8
Thermal Regeneration of Spent ZSM-5 Catalyst
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The thermal regeneration tests were conducted to examine the recyclability of ZSM-5 at different temperatures based on batch adsorption tests. After MTBE adsorption in aqueous solution with ZSM-5, the saturated ZSM-5 was heated at 80, 150 or 300 °C for 24 h in a muffle furnace (Carbolite CWF 1200, UK), and then 0.1 g of regenerated ZSM-5 was added to 20 mL 300 mg•L -1 of MTBE solution for adsorption for 24h. After each regeneration cycle, the MTBE removal percentage was determined and this process was repeated up to 6 times.
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